Jakin mota wata hanya ce ta musamman wacce ke ba ka damar gudanar da gyare-gyare na yau da kullun na babbar mota ko mota a cikin yanayin da dole ne a yi wannan gyaran ba tare da goyan bayan motar a kan ƙafafun ba, da kuma canza tayoyin kai tsaye a wurin da aka lalace ko tasha. .Dacewar jack na zamani yana cikin motsi, ƙananan nauyi, aminci da sauƙi na kulawa.
Mafi sau da yawa, direbobin motoci da manyan motoci suna amfani da jack, kamfanonin sufurin motoci (musamman ma ƙungiyoyin tafi-da-gidanka), sabis na mota da kuma dacewa da taya.
Babban fasali
Ƙarfin lodi (wanda aka nuna a kilogiram ko ton) shine matsakaicin nauyin nauyin da jack ɗin zai iya ɗauka.Don sanin ko jack ɗin ya dace da ɗaga wannan motar, ya zama dole cewa ƙarfin ɗaukarsa bai yi ƙasa da na madaidaicin jack ba ko ya kasance aƙalla 1/2 na babban nauyin motar.
Dandalin tallafi shine ƙananan tallafi na jack.Yawancin lokaci ya fi girma fiye da ɓangaren ɗamarar sama don samar da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun matsa lamba akan farfajiya mai ɗaukar nauyi kamar yadda zai yiwu, kuma ana ba da shi tare da haɓakar "karu" don hana jack daga zamewa a kan dandalin tallafi.
Karɓa wani ɓangare ne na jack ɗin da aka ƙera don hutawa a cikin mota ko kaya mai ɗagawa.A dunƙule ko tara jacks ga tsohon model na cikin gida motoci, shi ne mai nadawa sanda, a kan wasu, a matsayin mai mulkin, rigidly kafaffen sashi (dagawa diddige).
Mafi ƙarancin (farko) tsayin ɗauka (Nmin)- mafi ƙarancin nisa a tsaye daga dandamalin tallafi (hanya) zuwa ɗaukar hoto a cikin ƙananan matsayinsa na aiki.Dole ne tsayin farko ya zama ƙarami domin jack ɗin ya shiga tsakanin dandamalin tallafi da dakatarwa ko abubuwan jiki.
Matsakaicin tsayin ɗagawa (Nmax)- mafi girman nisa a tsaye daga dandamalin tallafi zuwa ɗauka lokacin ɗaukar kaya zuwa cikakken tsayi.Rashin isassun ƙimar Hmax ba zai ƙyale a yi amfani da jack ɗin don ɗaga motoci ko tirela ba inda jack ɗin yake a tsayi mai tsayi.Idan babu tsayi, ana iya amfani da matattarar sarari.
Matsakaicin bugun jack (Lmax)- mafi girman motsi a tsaye na ɗauka daga ƙasa zuwa matsayi na sama.Idan bugun jini na aiki bai isa ba, jack ɗin bazai "yaga" dabaran daga hanya ba.
Akwai nau'ikan jacks da yawa, waɗanda aka rarraba bisa ga nau'in gini:
1.Screw jacks
2.Rack da pinion jacks
3.Hydraulic jacks
4.Jacks masu huhu
1. Screw jacks
Akwai iri biyu na dunƙule jacks mota - telescopic da rhombic.Screw jacks sun shahara da masu ababen hawa.A lokaci guda, jacks na rhombic, nauyin ɗaukar nauyin wanda ya bambanta daga 0.5 ton zuwa ton 3, sun fi shahara tare da masu motoci kuma sau da yawa an haɗa su a cikin saitunan daidaitattun kayan aikin hanya.Telescopic jacks tare da ɗaukar nauyi har zuwa ton 15 ba makawa ba ne don motocin SUV da LCV na nau'ikan iri daban-daban.
Babban ɓangaren jack ɗin dunƙule shi ne dunƙule tare da ƙugiya mai ɗaukar nauyi mai ɗaukar nauyi, mai tuƙi ta hannun hannu.Matsayin abubuwa masu ɗaukar nauyi ana yin su ta jikin ƙarfe da dunƙule.Dangane da jujjuyawar riƙon, dunƙule yana ɗagawa ko rage dandamalin ɗaukar hoto.Riƙe kaya a matsayin da ake so yana faruwa saboda birki na dunƙule, wanda ke tabbatar da amincin aikin.Don motsi a kwance na kaya, ana amfani da jack a kan sled sanye take da dunƙule.A load iya aiki na dunƙule jacks iya isa 15 ton.
Babban abũbuwan amfãni daga dunƙule jacks:
● gagarumin bugun jini na aiki da tsayin daka;
● nauyi mai sauƙi;
● Ƙananan farashi.
Screw jacks
Jack ɗin dunƙule abin dogaro yana aiki.Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa nauyin yana daidaitawa ta hanyar zaren trapezoidal, kuma lokacin ɗaukar nauyin, kwaya yana juya rago.Bugu da ƙari, fa'idodin waɗannan kayan aikin sun haɗa da ƙarfi da kwanciyar hankali, da kuma gaskiyar cewa za su iya yin aiki ba tare da ƙarin tsayawa ba.
2. Rack da pinion jacks
Babban sashi na jack jack shine dogo mai ɗaukar nauyi na ƙarfe tare da ƙoƙon tallafi don kaya.Wani muhimmin fasali na jack jack shine ƙananan wuri na dandalin ɗagawa.Ƙarshen ƙarshen layin dogo (paw) yana da madaidaicin kusurwa don ɗaga kaya tare da ƙarancin tallafi.Ana ɗaukar nauyin da aka ɗaga akan layin dogo ta na'urorin kullewa.
2.1.Lever
An tsawaita tarkacen ta hanyar lever mai juyawa.
2.2.Hakora
A cikin jacks na gear, ana maye gurbin lever ɗin da kayan aiki, wanda ke jujjuya ta cikin akwatin gear ta amfani da abin tuƙi.Domin ɗaukar nauyin ya kasance amintacce a wani tsayin tsayi kuma a matsayin da ake so, ɗaya daga cikin gears yana sanye da tsarin kullewa - ratchet tare da "pawl".
Rack da pinion jacks
Rack jacks masu ɗaukar nauyi har zuwa ton 6 suna da akwatin gear mataki ɗaya, daga 6 zuwa 15 - matakai biyu, sama da tan 15 - mataki uku.
Irin waɗannan jacks za a iya amfani da su a tsaye da kuma a kwance, suna da sauƙin amfani, an gyara su da kyau kuma kayan aiki ne na duniya don ɗagawa da gyaran kaya.
3. Jirgin ruwa na ruwa
Jacks na hydraulic, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, suna aiki ta hanyar matsa lamba.Babban abubuwan da ke ɗauke da kaya sune jiki, piston da za a iya cirewa (plunger) da ruwa mai aiki (yawanci mai mai hydraulic).Gidajen na iya zama duka silinda jagora don fistan da tafki don ruwan aiki.Ana watsa ƙarfin ƙarfafawa daga abin tuƙi ta hanyar lefa zuwa famfon fitarwa.Lokacin motsawa zuwa sama, ana ciyar da ruwa daga tafki a cikin rami na famfo, kuma idan an danna shi, ana zubar da shi a cikin rami na Silinda mai aiki, yana shimfida plunger.Ana hana juyar da ruwa ta hanyar tsotsawa da bawuloli masu fitarwa.
Don rage nauyin, an buɗe allurar rufewa na bawul ɗin kewayawa, kuma ana tilasta ruwa mai aiki daga cikin rami na Silinda mai aiki ya koma cikin tanki.
Jirgin ruwa na hydraulic
Abubuwan amfani da jacks na hydraulic sun haɗa da:
● babban nauyin kaya - daga 2 zuwa 200 ton;
● Tsarin tsari;
● kwanciyar hankali;
● santsi;
● m;
● ƙananan ƙarfi a kan kullun tuƙi;
● babban inganci (75-80%).
Lalacewar sun haɗa da:
● ƙananan tsayin ɗagawa a cikin sake zagayowar aiki ɗaya;
● rikitarwa na zane;
● ba zai yiwu a daidaita tsayin raguwa daidai ba;
Irin waɗannan jacks na iya haifar da lahani sosai fiye da na'urorin ɗagawa.Saboda haka, sun fi wahalar gyarawa.
Akwai nau'ikan jacks na hydraulic da yawa.
3.1.Classic kwalban jacks
Daya daga cikin mafi m da kuma dace iri ne mai guda-sanda (ko guda-plunger) kwalban jack.Sau da yawa, irin waɗannan jakunan suna cikin daidaitattun kayan aikin tituna na manyan motoci na azuzuwan daban-daban, tun daga motocin kasuwanci masu haske zuwa manyan jiragen kasan tituna, da kuma kayan aikin gina titinan.Har ila yau ana iya amfani da irin wannan jack a matsayin naúrar wutar lantarki don matsi, bututu, masu yankan bututu, da dai sauransu.
Telescopic
jacks
3.2.Telescopic (ko biyu-plunger) jacks
Ya bambanta da sanda guda ɗaya kawai ta gaban sandar telescopic.Irin waɗannan jacks suna ba ku damar ɗaga kaya zuwa tsayi mai girma, ko rage tsayin ɗagawa, yayin kiyaye matsakaicin tsayin ɗagawa.
Suna da damar ɗaukar nauyin ton 2 zuwa 100 ko fiye.Gidajen duka biyun silinda jagora ne don plunger da tafki don ruwan aiki.Digadin ɗagawa don jacks tare da ɗaukar nauyi har zuwa ton 20 yana saman dunƙulewa a cikin plunger.Wannan yana ba da damar, idan ya cancanta, ta hanyar cire kullun, don ƙara tsayin farko na jack.
Akwai zane-zane na jacks na hydraulic, inda ake amfani da motar lantarki da ke da alaƙa da hanyar sadarwa ta kan jirgin, ko injin huhu, don tuƙa famfo.
Lokacin zabar jakin kwalban hydraulic, ya zama dole a la'akari ba kawai ikon ɗaukarsa ba, har ma da ɗaukar nauyi da tsayin tsayi, tunda bugun aiki tare da isasshen ɗaukar nauyi bazai isa ya ɗaga motar ba.
Jacks na hydraulic suna buƙatar saka idanu akan matakin ruwa, yanayin da matsi na hatimin mai.
Tare da yin amfani da irin waɗannan jacks sau da yawa, ana ba da shawarar kada a ƙarfafa tsarin kullewa zuwa ƙarshen lokacin ajiya.Ayyukan su yana yiwuwa ne kawai a matsayi na tsaye kuma kawai (kamar kowane jacks na hydraulic) don ɗagawa, kuma ba don ɗaukar nauyi na dogon lokaci ba.
3.3.Mirgina jacks
Mirgina jacks wani ƙananan jiki ne akan ƙafafu, daga abin da lever tare da diddige mai ɗagawa yana ɗagawa ta hanyar silinda na ruwa.Ana samun sauƙin aiki ta hanyar dandamali masu cirewa waɗanda ke canza tsayin ɗauka da ɗagawa.Kada a manta cewa ana buƙatar shimfidar wuri da wuya don yin aiki tare da jack mai juyawa.Saboda haka, irin wannan jacks, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana amfani da su a cikin ayyukan mota da shagunan taya.Mafi na kowa shine jacks masu ɗaukar nauyin 2 zuwa 5 ton.
4. Jacks masu huhu
Rolling jacks
Jacks na pneumatic
Jacks na pneumatic ba dole ba ne a cikin yanayin ƙaramin rata tsakanin tallafi da kaya, tare da ƙananan motsi, ƙayyadaddun shigarwa, idan za a yi aiki a kan sako-sako, ƙasa mara kyau ko fadama.
Jack ɗin pneumatic wani lebur ɗin roba ne mai lebur wanda aka yi da ƙaƙƙarfan masana'anta na musamman, wanda ke ƙaruwa lokacin da aka ba da iskar da aka matsa (gas) zuwa gare shi.
Matsakaicin ɗaukar nauyin jack pneumatic an ƙaddara ta matsa lamba na aiki a cikin motar pneumatic.Jacks na pneumatic suna zuwa da yawa masu girma dabam da ƙarfin nauyi daban-daban, yawanci 3 - 4 - 5 ton.
Babban hasara na jacks pneumatic shine babban farashin su.An rinjayi ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙirar ƙira, galibi ana haɗa shi da hatimin haɗin gwiwa, fasaha mai tsada don kera harsashi da aka rufe kuma, a ƙarshe, ƙananan masana'antu na samarwa.
Maɓalli masu mahimmanci lokacin zabar jack:
1.Carrying iya aiki shine matsakaicin nauyin nauyin nauyin da za a iya ɗauka.
2.Tsarin ɗaukar nauyi na farko shine mafi ƙanƙanci mai yuwuwar nisa a tsaye tsakanin farfajiya mai ɗaukar hoto da maɓallin tallafi na injin a cikin ƙaramin aiki.
3.The dagawa tsawo ne matsakaicin nisa daga goyon bayan surface zuwa matsakaicin aiki batu, ya kamata ba ka damar sauƙi cire wani dabaran.
4.Daukewa shine sashin tsarin da aka ƙera don hutawa akan abin da ake ɗagawa.Yawancin rack da pinion jacks suna da karban da aka yi a cikin nau'i na sandar nadawa (wannan hanyar ɗaure ba ta dace da duk motoci ba, wanda ke iyakance ikonsa), yayin da ake ɗaukar nauyin hydraulic, rhombic da sauran samfura. a cikin nau'i na madaidaicin kafaffen madaidaicin (dugon ɗagawa).
5.Working bugun jini - motsa abin da aka ɗauka a tsaye daga ƙasa zuwa matsayi na sama.
6.Nauyin jaki.
Dokokin aminci lokacin aiki tare da jacks
Lokacin aiki tare da jacks, wajibi ne a bi ka'idodin aminci lokacin aiki tare da jacks.
Lokacin maye gurbin dabaran da lokacin aikin gyarawa tare da ɗagawa da rataye motar, ana buƙatar:
● Gyara ƙafafun da ke gefen jack ɗin biyu don guje wa jujjuyawar mota da faɗuwa daga jack ɗin ko tsayawa.Don yin wannan, zaka iya amfani da takalma na musamman;
● Bayan ɗaga jiki zuwa tsayin da ake buƙata, ba tare da la'akari da zane na jack ba, shigar da tsayayye mai dogara a ƙarƙashin abubuwa masu ɗaukar nauyin jiki (sills, spars, frame, da dai sauransu).An haramta yin aiki a ƙarƙashin mota idan yana kan jack kawai!
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-12-2023