Yawancin injunan zamani har yanzu suna amfani da tsarin rarraba iskar gas tare da injin bawul ta amfani da makamai masu linzami.Rocker makamai an shigar a kan wani bangare na musamman - axis.Karanta game da abin da axis na rocker, yadda yake aiki da aiki, da kuma zaɓinsa da maye gurbinsa a cikin labarin.
Menene axis rocker?
Ƙaƙwalwar hannu na rocker wani ɓangare ne na tsarin rarraba iskar gas na maimaituwar injunan konewa na ciki tare da bawuloli na sama;Sanda mara ƙarfi wanda ke riƙe da rockers na bawuloli da sassan da ke da alaƙa na injin bawul.
The rocker arm axis yana yin ayyuka da yawa:
• Daidaitaccen matsayi na makaman rocker dangane da camshaft tappets/cams da bawuloli;
• Lubrication na juzu'i na rockers makamai da bearings, mai wadata da sauran abubuwa na gas rarraba inji;
• Riƙe makamai na rocker, maɓuɓɓugarsu da sauran sassa (axle yana aiki azaman sinadari mai ɗaukar ƙarfi).
Wato, axis na rocker axis shine babban nau'i mai ɗaukar nauyi na sassa masu yawa na lokaci (rocker makamai, maɓuɓɓugan ruwa da wasu) kuma ɗayan manyan layukan mai na tsarin lubrication na injin da aka haɗa.Ana amfani da wannan ɓangaren kawai akan injunan bawul na sama tare da injin bawul ɗin lokaci na nau'ikan iri daban-daban:
- Tare da ƙananan camshaft, tare da kunna bawuloli ta hanyar tappets, sanduna da rocker makamai;
- Tare da camshaft na sama (na kowa ko raba ramukan ga kowane jere na bawuloli), tare da kunna bawuloli ta hannun rocker;
- Tare da camshaft na sama, tare da bawuloli da aka kora ta hanyar turawa ta lefa.
A cikin injuna na zamani tare da tuƙin bawul kai tsaye daga kyamarori na camshaft, makamai masu linzami da sassan da ke da alaƙa ba su nan.
The rocker axis axis taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin aiki na engine, tabbatar da al'ada aiki na bawul lokaci inji.Ana buƙatar maye gurbin gatari mara kyau ko mara kyau da wuri-wuri, kuma don yin zaɓin da ya dace na wannan ɓangaren, kuna buƙatar fahimtar nau'ikan axles da ke akwai, ƙirar su da fasali.
Don Allah a lura: a yau a cikin wallafe-wallafen da kasuwanci Enterprises, da kalmar "rocker hannun axis" da ake amfani da biyu ma'ana - a matsayin raba part, wani m tube a kan abin da rocker makamai, marẽmari da sauran sassa da ake gudanar, kuma a matsayin cikakken gatari da an riga an shigar da goyan baya, makamai masu linzami da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa.A nan gaba, za mu yi magana game da gatari na rocker makamai a cikin biyu wadannan hankula.
Nau'o'i, ƙira da daidaita gatari na hannu na rocker
An raba axles zuwa nau'ikan iri da yawa bisa ga adadin makaman rocker da aka shigar kuma bisa ga wasu fasalolin ƙira.
Dangane da adadin shigar rocker makamai, axles ne:
• Solo;
• Rukuni.
Mutum gatari wani sashe ne wanda ke ɗauke da hannu ɗaya kawai da maɗaurai (wanki ko goro).Kowane mutum rocker axles ana amfani, a matsayin mai mulkin, a cikin injuna tare da bawuloli biyu da Silinda, don haka adadin axles a cikin su ne sau biyu girma kamar cylinders.Ana yin irin wannan axis a lokaci guda tare da tarawa, don haka an ɗora shi a kan silinda ba tare da ƙarin sassa ba, duk tsarin ya fi sauƙi kuma ya fi sauƙi.Duk da haka, ba za a iya gyara kowane axis na rocker makamai a cikin taron na rashin aiki, kawai canza taron.
Axle tare da taron makamai na rocker
Ƙungiya axle wani ɓangare ne wanda ke ɗaukar makamai masu rocker da yawa da sassa masu alaƙa (maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, masu wanki, fil).Daga 2 zuwa 12 rocker makamai za a iya located a kan gatari daya, dangane da injin zane da kuma adadin cylinders.Don haka, akan injunan da ke da kawunan Silinda daban-daban, ana amfani da axles tare da makamai biyu don kowane Silinda, akan wasu injunan 6-Silinda tare da kawunan Silinda daban don silinda uku, ana amfani da axles guda biyu tare da hannayen rocker shida akan layi 4, 5 da 6-Silinda injuna, axles tare da 8, 10 da 12 rocker makamai, bi da bi, da dai sauransu Yawan rukunoni rocker makamai a daya in-line ko V-dimbin inji engine tare da guda Silinda shugaban ga yawan cylinders iya zama 1, 2 ko 4. Motoci masu bawuloli guda biyu a kowace silinda suna amfani da axles ɗaya ko biyu (a cikin yanayin wani shugaban Silinda daban), injinan da ke da bawuloli huɗu a kowane silinda suna amfani da axles biyu ko huɗu.Yawan axles a cikin injuna tare da kawunan Silinda guda ɗaya yayi daidai da adadin shugabannin.
Gatari na rukuni na rocker makamai masu sauƙi ne.Suna dogara ne akan axis kanta - shingen karfe tare da tashoshi ta tsaye da kuma adadin ramukan da ke juyawa bisa ga adadin makamai masu linzami da aka shigar.Ana amfani da matsananciyar ramukan juye-juye don gyara axle a cikin akwatuna tare da fitilun cotter da masu wanki.Tun da axle yana da nauyi mai yawa, an yi shi da nau'o'i na musamman na karfe, kuma samansa yana da tasiri ga sinadaran-thermal da zafi (carburization, hardening) don ƙara ƙarfi, juriya ga lalacewa da sauran tasiri mara kyau.
Ana ɗora makamai masu linzami a kan gatari ta hanyar bushings (bayyanan da aka yi da tagulla ko wasu kayan), ana yin ramuka da tashoshi a cikin gandun daji don samar da mai daga gatari zuwa makaman roka.Hanyoyi biyu na rocker an ajiye su ta hanyar maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na silinda mai sarari da aka sawa akan gatari.An ɗora axle akan kan silinda ta amfani da jeri-jeri - matsananci biyu da manyan manyan (tsakiya) da yawa waɗanda ke tsakanin makaman rocker.Za'a iya shigar da axle a cikin racks kyauta ko danna cikin su.Za a iya dora axles na hannun roka na injunan bawul huɗu akan tagwayen struts, waɗanda ke tabbatar da daidaitaccen matsayi na sassan lokaci.A kan ƙananan saman racks akwai fil don tsakiya da ramuka don studs / kusoshi don ɗaurewa.
Ana iya samar da mai zuwa ga axle na rocker hannu ta hanyoyi biyu:
• Ta hanyar daya daga cikin akwatunan;
• Ta hanyar bututun wadata daban.
A cikin yanayin farko, ɗaya daga cikin matsananci ko tsakiya yana da tashar da mai ke gudana daga tashar kan silinda mai dacewa zuwa axis na hannun rocker.A cikin akwati na biyu, ana ba da bututun ƙarfe da aka haɗa da tashar mai a cikin kan silinda daga ƙarshen ɗaya zuwa gaɓar makamai masu linzami.
Gabaɗaya, axles na rocker makamai na kowane iri suna da tsari mai sauƙi, sabili da haka abin dogara ne kuma mai dorewa, kodayake waɗannan sassa na iya gazawa - a wannan yanayin, ana buƙatar gyara ko maye gurbin su.
Zane na rocker hannu axis tare da samar da man fetur ta tsakiyar ginshiƙi
Batutuwa na zaɓi, gyarawa da maye gurbin gatari na hannu na rocker
Kamar sauran sassa da yawa, galibi ana ƙirƙira gatari na rocker daban-daban don takamaiman kewayon samfuri ko ma gyaran injin, wanda ke sanya hani kan zaɓin waɗannan sassa.Sabili da haka, don maye gurbin, ya zama dole don zaɓar waɗancan axles waɗanda masana'antun injin ɗin suka ba da shawarar - don haka akwai tabbacin cewa sabbin sassan za su fada cikin wuri kuma suyi aiki akai-akai.
Na dabam, ya kamata a lura da cewa ko da daban-daban gyare-gyare na daya mota sau da yawa sanye take da rocker hannu axes wanda ya bambanta a zane da kuma halaye.Misali, wasu na'urorin wutar lantarki na gida na man fetur na nau'ikan nau'ikan iri daban-daban suna sanye da kawuna na silinda waɗanda ba iri ɗaya ba a cikin ƙira da girma, saboda haka, gatari na hannu na rocker na iya bambanta (an sanye da racks na tsayi daban-daban, makaman rocker, da sauransu).Ya kamata a yi la'akari da wannan lokacin siyan kayan gyara da gyarawa.
Dole ne a tarwatsa axle na hannun rocker kuma a shigar da shi kawai bisa umarnin gyara da kula da abin hawa.Gaskiyar ita ce, don aiki na al'ada na axle da kuma rigakafin lalacewa, dole ne a ɗora kayan haɗinsa (kullun ko ƙwanƙwasa) a cikin daidaitaccen tsari kuma tare da wani ƙoƙari.Kuma bayan shigarwa, yana da mahimmanci don daidaita yanayin zafin jiki tsakanin rocker makamai da bawuloli.
A lokacin aiki na mota, rocker arm axle ba ya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, kawai wajibi ne bisa ga umarnin don duba tsangwama na kusoshi / kwayoyi da kuma duba sassan axle don amincin su.Kulawa na yau da kullun da aikin da ya dace na abin hawa yana ba da garantin ingantaccen aiki na axle na hannun rocker da lokaci gabaɗaya a cikin duk hanyoyin sarrafa injin.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-05-2023