A cikin kowace mota na zamani akwai manyan abubuwan sarrafawa da yawa - tuƙi, ƙafar ƙafa da lever.Fedal, a matsayin mai mulkin, an haɗa su a cikin naúrar ta musamman - toshe na pedals.Karanta game da sashin feda, manufarsa, nau'ikansa da ƙira, gami da kiyayewa da gyarawa a cikin wannan labarin.
Manufar sashin feda
Ko da masu kirkiro motoci na farko sun fuskanci matsala mai tsanani: ba duk masu sarrafawa ba za a iya sarrafa su kawai da hannayensu, don haka ba da daɗewa ba motocin sun fara sanye da feda don sarrafa ƙafafu.Tsawon lokaci mai tsawo babu wani ma'auni guda daya da zai kafa wuri da manufar fedals, tsare-tsaren da muke amfani da su sun kasance fiye ko žasa da aka kafa su kawai a cikin 30s da 40s na karni na karshe.Kuma a yau muna da fedals guda uku akan motoci masu watsawa da hannu (gas, clutch da birki), da kuma takalmi guda biyu akan motoci masu watsa atomatik (gas da birki kawai).
A tsari, ana haɗa fedawa sau da yawa a cikin tsari guda ɗaya - taro na feda ko naúrar feda.Wannan kumburi yana magance matsaloli da yawa:
- Rage ƙarfin aiki yayin shigarwa da daidaita feda a masana'anta;
- Yana sauƙaƙe kulawa, gyare-gyare da gyare-gyare na fedal yayin kulawa da aiki na abin hawa;
- Yana tabbatar da daidaitaccen shigarwa na pedals da daidaitaccen aiki na tuƙi na hanyoyin;
- Yana yin ayyuka don inganta ergonomics da amincin wurin zama na direba.
Don haka, taron feda yana warware matsalolin fasaha kawai kuma yana shiga cikin samar da wurin aiki na ergonomic, ta haka yana shafar ingancin direba, gajiyarsa, da sauransu.
Nau'i da ƙira na tubalan feda
Za'a iya raba majalissar feda na zamani zuwa ƙungiyoyi da yawa bisa ga dacewa, cikawa, aiki da fasalin ƙira.
Dangane da aikace-aikacen, duk tubalan fedal sun kasu zuwa manyan nau'ikan biyu:
- Don motoci tare da watsawar hannu (tare da watsawa);
- Don motoci masu watsawa ta atomatik (tare da watsawa ta atomatik).
Bambance-bambance tsakanin raka'a don watsawar hannu da watsawa ta atomatik suna cikin tsari daban-daban na pedals, cikarsu, wuraren shigarwa, da sauransu. wani nau'in.
Dangane da cikawa, an raba tafkuna zuwa manyan nau'ikan guda uku:
- toshe feda don motoci tare da watsawa ta atomatik, haɗa birki da feda na gas;
- toshe feda don motoci tare da watsawa ta hannu, haɗa gas, birki da fedal ɗin kama;
- toshe feda don motoci tare da watsawar hannu, haɗa kawai kama da birki.
Don haka, tubalan feda na iya haɗa dukkan takalmi, ko wani ɓangare kawai daga cikinsu.Idan motar ta yi amfani da shingen clutch da birki, to ana yin fedar gas ɗin a cikin nau'i na daban.Har ila yau, ana iya yin duk pedals a cikin nau'i na nodes daban-daban, amma wannan bayani da wuya a yi amfani da shi a yau.
Dangane da aiki, tubalan feda sun kasu zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi uku:
- Toshe wanda ya ƙunshi kawai pedals da abubuwan da ke cikin ɓangaren injin na tafiyar da tsarin da suka dace - dawo da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, bipods, cokali mai yatsu, haɗi, da sauransu;
- Naúrar da ke ɗauke da nau'ikan injina da na'ura mai aiki da ƙari / pneumohydraulic na tsarin daidaitattun tsarin - babban silinda na birki, mai haɓaka birki da babban silinda mai kama;
- Naúrar da ke ɗauke da ɓangaren lantarki na tsarin, galibi iyakance masu sauyawa, firikwensin feda da sauransu.
A ƙarshe, bisa ga fasalulluka na ƙira, za a iya raba duk shingen feda (a wasu lokuta sosai sharadi) zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi biyu:
- Tubalan ƙafar ƙafa (marasa-frame);
- Blocks tare da firam (frame) wanda ke riƙe da duk abubuwan da aka haɗa.
Yin amfani da waɗannan nau'o'in a matsayin misali, za mu yi la'akari da mahimman siffofi na zane-zane na tubalan feda.
An tsara tubalan marasa tsari mafi sauƙi.Tushen taron shine tubular axis na ƙwallon ƙafar clutch, a ciki wanda aka rasa axis na fedarar birki.A ƙarshen bututu da axle akwai levers (bipods) don haɗi tare da tafiyar da tsarin da ya dace.Ana amfani da baka biyu don hawa naúrar a cikin taksi ko cikin motar.
Tubalan da firam ɗin sun fi rikitarwa: tushen tsarin shi ne firam ɗin ƙarfe da aka riga aka kera wanda ke riƙe da fedals da sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa.A kan firam ɗin akwai maɓalli (ko gashin ido ko kawai ramuka) don hawa naúrar a cikin gida / ɗakin.Gatari na feda, maɓuɓɓugan dawowa, birki babban silinda tare da injin ƙarami, clutch master cylinder da iyakataccen maɓalli/ firikwensin ana gyara su akan firam ta wata hanya ko wata.
Fedal ɗin kansu na iya zama nau'i biyu:
-Haɗin gwiwa;
- Duk-karfe.
An yi abubuwa da yawa daga sassa da yawa waɗanda ke ba ku damar daidaita tsayin feda ko gyara shi ba tare da maye gurbin gaba ɗaya taron ba.All-metal pedals su ne hatimi guda ɗaya, simintin simintin gyare-gyare ko tsarin walda wanda baya bada izinin yin gyare-gyare kuma yana canza taron a yayin da aka samu matsala.Ana yin gyare-gyaren feda ko kuma an rufe su da tarkacen roba, wanda ke hana ƙafar zamewa yayin tuƙi.
A yau, akwai nau'i-nau'i iri-iri na tubalan feda, amma mafi yawancin suna da ƙira da aikin da aka kwatanta a sama.
Kulawa da gyaran sassan feda
Tattaunawar feda irin wannan baya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, amma kowane fedals na rukunin na iya buƙatar kulawa a cikin tsarin kiyaye tsarin da suke cikinsa.Musamman ma, ana yin gyare-gyaren gyaran kafa na clutch da kuma silinda da ke hade da shi a yayin da ake kula da kullun, gyaran gyaran kafa na birki da silinda - a lokacin kiyaye tsarin birki, da dai sauransu. , Su fasteners, spring tashin hankali da kuma general yanayin za a iya duba a kowane TO-2.
A cikin yanayin rashin aiki ko nakasawa na feda, rashin daidaituwarsu na freewheel da sauran matsalolin, ya zama dole don aiwatar da gyara da wuri-wuri.Tare da wannan aikin, ba za ku iya jinkirta ba, tun lokacin da kulawa da lafiyar motar ya dogara da aiki na pedals.An bayyana hanyar da za a yi don gyarawa da gyaran gyare-gyare na fedal ko majalisai a cikin umarnin don motoci masu dacewa, ba za mu yi la'akari da su a nan ba.
Tare da aikin da ya dace, kulawa da gyare-gyare na lokaci, sashin feda zai yi aiki na dogon lokaci da kuma dogara, yana tabbatar da kulawa, jin dadi da amincin abin hawa.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-24-2023