A cikin kowane injin fistan na zamani akwai sassan da ke tabbatar da ƙarancin ɗakin konewa da lubrication na silinda - zoben piston.Karanta duk game da zoben piston, nau'ikan da suke da su, fasalulluka na ƙira da aiki, kazalika da zaɓi na daidai da maye gurbin zoben a cikin labarin da aka tsara.
Menene zoben piston?
Piston zobba - sassa na Silinda-piston kungiyar (CPG) na ciki konewa engine;zoben da za a iya cirewa na ƙarfe da aka ɗora a kan pistons don rufe ɗakin konewa, rage asarar mai da kuma rage yawan iskar gas da ke shiga cikin akwati.
Don aikin yau da kullun na injin konewa na ciki na piston, yana da matukar mahimmanci cewa an ƙirƙiri matsa lamba sama da wani ƙaramin matakin a cikin ɗakin konewa a ƙarshen bugun bugun jini (lokacin da fistan ya kai tsakiyar matattu) - ana kiran wannan sigar. matsawa.Don injunan man fetur, matsawa yana cikin kewayon yanayi 9-12, ga rukunin dizal wannan siga shine 22-32 yanayi.Don cimma matsawar da ake buƙata, wajibi ne don tabbatar da hatimin ɗakin konewa - ana magance wannan matsala ta zoben piston.
Zoben Piston suna yin ayyuka masu mahimmanci da yawa:
● Rufe ɗakin konewa - an zaɓi girman zoben daidai daidai da diamita na ciki na silinda, wanda ke hana ci gaban gas daga ɗakin konewa a cikin crankcase;
● Rage karfin juzu'i - yanki na rikice-rikice na zobba a kan bangon silinda ya fi ƙanƙanta fiye da yankin piston, wanda ya rage asarar ɓarna na sassan CPG;
● Ramuwa don haɓakar zafin jiki na kayan CPG - pistons da cylinders an yi su da nau'i-nau'i daban-daban tare da ma'auni daban-daban na fadada thermal, ƙaddamar da zobba yana hana haɗuwa da pistons da canje-canje a cikin matsawa lokacin da zafin jiki na injin ya tashi kuma ya fadi;
● Lubrication na ganuwar Silinda da kuma cire man fetur mai yawa (wanda ke hana shi shiga cikin ɗakunan konewa kuma yana rage asarar mai saboda sharar gida) - zobba na zane na musamman yana tabbatar da kawar da man fetur mai yawa daga ganuwar silinda da aka kafa a lokacin aikin injiniya, amma bar fim din mai da ake bukata don rage rikici;
● Sanyaya bangon piston - wani ɓangare na zafi daga piston an cire shi zuwa bangon silinda ta zobba.
Yana da sauƙi a ga cewa zoben fistan suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin aiki na CPG da kuma aiki na dukan ikon naúrar.Duk wani rashin aiki da lalacewa na zoben suna bayyana ta hanyar asarar ƙarfin injin da tabarbarewar aiki gaba ɗaya, don haka dole ne a maye gurbin waɗannan sassa.Amma kafin siyan ko yin odar sababbin zobba, ya kamata ku fahimci nau'ikan waɗannan sassa na yanzu, ƙirar su da fasalin aikin.
Fistan da zoben fistan
Nau'in, ƙira da ka'idar aiki na zoben piston
Ana shigar nau'ikan zobba guda biyu akan fistan ɗaya:
● Matsi (na sama);
● Scraps mai (ƙananan).
Duk zoben suna cikin madaidaicin ramuka (ragi) na bayanin martaba na rectangular, wanda aka yi kusa da kan piston.Zobba na nau'ikan iri daban-daban sun bambanta a cikin ƙira da manufa.
Zobba na matsawa suna ba da hatimin ɗakin konewa, zobe ɗaya, biyu ko uku za a iya shigar da su akan piston ɗaya (ɗaya akan injunan konewa na ciki na babura, biyu akan mafi yawan injunan bugun jini huɗu na zamani, uku akan wasu injunan diesel), su suna cikin ɓangaren sama na fistan.A tsari, zoben matsawa suna da sauƙi: wannan zobe ne mai cirewa na ƙarfe, yanke wanda aka yi shi a cikin nau'i mai sauƙi (madaidaici, oblique) ko maɗaukakiyar kulle, a kan wasu zobba a cikin kulle akwai hutu don tsayawa.Kulle yana da ƙananan rata (mitoci da yawa), wanda ke aiki don ramawa don haɓakar thermal na ɓangaren yayin aikin injiniya.
An yi zobba da ƙarfe ko nau'i na musamman na baƙin ƙarfe, saman su (aiki) na iya samun bayanin martaba daban-daban:
● Sauƙaƙan lebur - a cikin wannan yanayin, zoben yana da ɓangaren giciye na rectangular ko wani sashi a cikin nau'i na nau'i na hudu wanda ba daidai ba;
● Radius (siffar ganga) - gefen waje na zobe shine baka na da'irar babban radius;
● Tare da chamfer - an yi katako na ƙananan tsayi a saman waje;
● "Minute" zobba - saman waje yana da gangara zuwa sama, kusurwar kusurwa yana da dubban mintuna na arc, saboda haka zoben sun sami sunan su.
Bayanan martaba yana da zobba na matsawa na sama, waɗanda aka tilasta yin aiki a yanayin zafi da matsa lamba a cikin yanayin rashin isasshen lubrication.Don rage lalacewa, filin aiki na ɓangaren yana da chrome-plated, phosphated, tin mai rufi ko akasin haka a bi da shi.Irin wannan zobe yana kusa da madubi na Silinda a lokacin aiki, yana ba da hatimi da cire zafi daga piston.
Ƙananan zobba sau da yawa suna da ƙarin bayanin martaba.Zobba na ganga suna da ƙarancin juriya yayin da suke riƙe isasshen matakin rufewa."Minute" zobba, saboda karkatar da aiki surface, rage frictional sojojin: a lokacin da piston motsa ƙasa (a kan bugun jini aiki), zoben nunin faifai tare da Silinda madubi tare da mai nuna gefen, da kuma lokacin da motsi zuwa sama zobe ne. matsi daga cikin silinda madubi saboda sakamakon mai wedge.
Zobba na goge mai suna tabbatar da daidaitaccen rarraba fim ɗin mai akan saman silinda kuma yana hana mai shiga ɗakin konewa (cire shi daga madubin Silinda).Zobe daya kawai ake amfani da shi akan fistan daya, wadannan sassan basa kan piston injuna guda biyu (tunda ana kara mai kai tsaye zuwa gasoline).Yawancin lokaci, zobba masu lalata man fetur suna da ƙirar ƙira, wanda ya haɗa da zobba da kansu da masu faɗaɗa.
Fistan zoben da tsarin aikin su
Zoben goge mai sune:
● Guda ɗaya - zobe mai siffar U yana fuskantar tushe zuwa fistan.A gindin akwai jerin ramukan zagaye ko tsayin daka wanda ake aiwatar da magudanan man;
● Haɗe-haɗe - ana amfani da zobba na bakin ciki (raga) guda biyu, a tsakanin su akwai nau'in sarari.
Abubuwan Spacer sune:
● Radial - samar da matsa lamba na zobba zuwa bangon silinda;
● Axial - ana amfani dashi kawai tare da zobba masu haɗaka, samar da rashin daidaituwa na zobba;
● Tangential - abubuwan haɗin sararin samaniya, suna ba da haɓaka lokaci guda na zoben da matsa lamba akan bangon Silinda.
Abubuwan da ke sararin samaniya faranti ne (lebur) ko naɗaɗɗen maɓuɓɓugan da aka haɗa a tsakanin ko ƙarƙashin zoben, maɓuɓɓugan ruwa ɗaya ko biyu ne kawai na nau'ikan nau'ikan za a iya amfani da su a cikin zoben goge mai.
Ana danna zobe mai jujjuya mai a kan bangon Silinda kuma, saboda ƙirar sa, yana tabbatar da cire fim ɗin mai wuce haddi.Man da aka tattara yana shiga ramin ne ta ramukan da ke cikin zoben, daga inda yake zubowa cikin injin injin ta ramukan bangon piston.A lokaci guda, wani ɓangare na man fetur ya kasance a cikin nau'i na fim na bakin ciki a kan bangon Silinda, wanda ya rage rikici a cikin CPG.
Yadda za a zaɓa da maye gurbin zoben piston
A lokacin aikin injin, zoben piston suna fuskantar manyan nau'ikan inji da na zafi, wanda ke haifar da lalacewa a hankali da asarar aikinsu.Yayin da zoben suka ƙare, sun daina yin ayyukansu, wanda ke haifar da raguwar matsawa, zubar da iskar gas a cikin crankcase da mai a cikin ɗakin konewa.Har ila yau, babbar matsala ita ce "coking" na zoben (jamming saboda tarin carbon adibas a cikin grooves na piston).A sakamakon haka, injin ya rasa iko da mayar da martani, shaye-shaye yana samun sifa mai launin toka ko ma baƙar fata, kuma yawan man fetur da mai yana ƙaruwa.Lokacin da waɗannan alamun suka bayyana, ya zama dole don tantance injin - duba matsawa, duba kyandir da wasu sassa.Idan matsawa ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, kyandir ɗin suna fantsama da mai kuma akwai matsaloli tare da aikin sashin wutar lantarki, to dole ne a maye gurbin zoben piston.
Don maye gurbin, ya kamata ka zaɓi zoben zoben kawai na waɗannan nau'ikan da lambobin kasida waɗanda aka tanadar don wannan injin na musamman.Ya kamata a la'akari da cewa bayan yin babban aikin injiniya tare da silinda masu ban sha'awa, wajibi ne a yi amfani da zoben girman gyare-gyare masu dacewa da sababbin pistons.
Dole ne a aiwatar da maye gurbin zobe daidai da umarnin don gyara sashin wutar lantarki.Gabaɗaya, wannan aikin yana buƙatar tarwatsa injin tare da rage pistons.Ana cire tsoffin zobba kuma an tsaftace tsagi sosai.Dole ne a sanya sabbin zobe daidai da umarnin alamar "Top" ko "Up" akan su.Lokacin shigar da zobba, ana duba rata tsakanin gefen gefen ɓangaren da bangon tsagi a cikin piston, da kuma a cikin kulle zoben da aka saka a cikin silinda.Dole ne duk izinin shiga ya kwanta a cikin iyakokin da aka kafa don motar.Ana sanya zoben a kan fistan don kada makullan su su kwanta akan layi daya kuma kada su fada kan gadar ramukan yatsa - haka ake samar da labyrinth wanda ke hana ci gaban iskar gas daga dakin konewa.
Lokacin hawa fistan tare da sababbin zobba a cikin silinda, yakamata a yi amfani da madaidaicin madauri na musamman wanda ke danna zoben a kan fistan.Bayan maye gurbin zoben fistan, ana ba da shawarar yin aiki a cikin injin - kada ku yi la'akari da saurin gudu na farko na 800-1000 km kuma ku ɗora injin a rabin iko, a ƙarshen hutun, ya kamata ku canza man injin ɗin. .
Tare da zaɓin da ya dace da maye gurbin zoben piston, injin zai dawo da ƙarfinsa na baya kuma zai yi aiki da tabbaci a kowane yanayi.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-13-2023