Ana ɗora ƙafafu na kusan dukkanin motoci masu ƙafafu, tarakta da sauran kayan aiki a kan cibiyar ta amfani da zaren zaren da goro.Karanta game da abin da kwaya na ƙafar ƙafa, irin nau'in kwayoyi da ake amfani da su a yau, yadda aka shirya su, da zaɓin su, maye gurbin da aiki - karanta a cikin wannan labarin.
Menene goro?
Ƙunƙara nut (wheel nut) shine abin ɗaure mai zare don tsayayyen hawa na dabaran akan cibiya;Kwaya na ƙira na musamman da siffa, an inganta shi don amintaccen latsa baki zuwa cibiya.
Ana amfani da goro a kan motocin da ƙafafunsu ke ɗora kan tururuwa ko ƙullun da aka saka a bayan cibiya.Ana ɗaure ƙafa ɗaya tare da saitin goro a cikin adadin guda huɗu zuwa goma ko fiye.Amincin motar ya dogara da girman ingancin goro da amincin shigar su, don haka, idan ko da kwaya ɗaya ta karye ko ta ɓace, dole ne a canza shi.Kuma don yin zabi mai kyau da maye gurbin kwayoyi, kuna buƙatar fahimtar ƙirar su da fasali.
Nau'o'i da zane na kwayoyi masu ƙafafu
Duk kwayoyi na dabaran, ba tare da la'akari da nau'in ba, suna da ƙira iri ɗaya bisa manufa.Gabaɗaya, wannan yanki ne mai ɗaki huɗu tare da rami ta tsakiya ko tashar makaho wanda aka yanke zaren a ciki.A waje na goro yana da chamfer, baya (kusa da diski) yana da lebur, conical, spherical ko wani, kamar yadda aka bayyana a kasa.Bugu da ƙari, ƙwayayen za a iya sanye su da wanki ko kafaffen flanges.A yau, ana yin ƙwaya sau da yawa ta hanyar ƙirƙira sanyi daga ƙarfe na gami, ana amfani da kayan kwalliyar anti-lalata ta electrolytic dangane da zinc, chromium, nickel, cadmium ko jan ƙarfe akan samfuran.
Kwayoyin dabaran zamani sun bambanta cikin ƙira, nau'in filaye masu ɗaukar nauyi da kuma amfani.
Ta hanyar ƙira, goro iri biyu ne:
● Buɗaɗɗen zaren (na al'ada);
● Tare da rufaffiyar zaren (wuya).
Samfuran nau'in farko sune kwayoyi na yau da kullun tare da rami ta hanyar da aka yanke zaren.Abubuwan samfuran na biyu ana yin su ne a cikin nau'ikan iyakoki, ciki wanda aka sanya tashar da aka yi makaho mai ɗaukar hoto.Kwayoyin ƙafar hula suna kare zaren daga tasirin muhalli mara kyau kuma suna ba da kyan gani ga duka dabaran.
Majalisin cibiya da wurin goro a cikinta
A wannan yanayin, kwayoyi na iya samun waje na waje don nau'ikan wrench daban-daban:
● Daidaitaccen kwayoyi - hexagon na waje;
● Kwayoyin da ba daidai ba - ƙwayayen hula don hexagon ciki, don maƙallan TORX da sauransu;
● Kwayoyi don maɓalli na musamman ("asiri").
Dangane da ƙirar saman goyan bayan goro (sasannin da samfurin ya dogara akan baki yayin shigarwa, yana ba da clamping) an kasu kashi huɗu daidaitattun nau'ikan:
● Rubuta A - Saduwar tallafi an yi shi ne ta hanyar flanger mai sihiri tare da mafi girma diamita fiye da goro da kanta.An raba su zuwa nau'in A tare da zaren M12-M20 (rage tsayi) da kuma rubuta A tare da zaren M22 (ƙarin tsayi);
● Nau'in B - an yi saman goyon baya a cikin nau'i na flange mai zurfi na diamita mafi girma fiye da kwaya kanta;
● Nau'in C - an yi saman goyon baya a cikin nau'i na mazugi wanda aka yanke tare da diamita yana raguwa zuwa sama;
Nau'in D - Ana yin saman da ke ɗauke da shi a cikin nau'in mai wanki mai ɗamara tare da lebur tushe na diamita mafi girma fiye da goro kanta.
Kwayoyin mazugi na nau'in "Turai" sun tsaya a cikin wani nau'i daban-daban - an yi farfajiyar su a cikin nau'i na flange na conical na ƙara diamita.Ba a daidaita su a Rasha ba, amma ana amfani da su sosai.
Ƙunƙarar ƙafar ƙafa tare da farfajiya mai ɗaukar hoto
Hakanan akwai nau'ikan ƙwaya waɗanda ba daidai ba:
● Kulle ƙwaya - samfurori tare da shimfidar wuri mai ɗorewa, cikakke tare da injin wanki (ɗaya ko biyu) waɗanda ke hana kwancen kayan ɗamara da sauri;
● Kwayoyi na tsayin tsayi - samfurori da ke da ƙira mai kama da daidaitattun ma'auni, amma sun bambanta da tsayin tsayi;
● "Skirts" - kwayoyi tare da tsayin tsayi na ɓangaren da aka yi da zaren, ana amfani da shi don ɗora ƙafafun ƙafafu tare da rijiyoyi masu zurfi don masu ɗaure;
● Kwayoyi na wasu siffofi.
Dangane da abin da aka yi amfani da shi, an raba kwayoyi masu tayar da hankali zuwa kungiyoyi da yawa a gefen shigarwa a kan abin hawa da kuma yiwuwar yin amfani da su tare da ɗaya ko wani nau'i na rims.
A gefen shigarwa akan abin hawa, kwayoyi sune:
● Duniya;
● Don gefen hagu (tare da zaren "dama");
● Don gefen dama (tare da zaren "hagu").
Kwayoyin halitta na duniya suna da zaren al'ada ("dama"), ana amfani da su don hawa dukkan ƙafafun motoci, kasuwanci da manyan motoci masu yawa.Ana amfani da goro iri ɗaya don hawa ƙafafun a gefen hagu (a hanyar tafiya) manyan motoci, kuma goro mai zaren "hagu" yana riƙe ƙafafun a gefen dama.Wannan amfani da goro yana hana su kwancewa ba tare da bata lokaci ba lokacin da abin hawa ke tafiya.
A ƙarshe, ana kera ƙwaya don amfani akan nau'ikan rim daban-daban:
● Don fayafai masu hatimi;
● Don simintin gyare-gyare (gawayen ƙafa) da ƙafar ƙafa.
Kwayoyi don ƙafafun alloy suna da faffadan goyon baya na siffar conical ko mai siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar, da kuma ƙara girman girman sa.Bugu da kari, a yau akwai wata babbar iri-iri na musamman na kwayoyi don gami ƙafafun tare da daban-daban na ado effects, wanda aka yadu amfani a fagen auto-tuning.
Asiri kwayoyi
A cikin wani nau'i daban-daban, abin da ake kira "asiri" (ko kwayoyi don maɓalli na musamman) sun fito waje - kwayoyi na ƙirar musamman wanda ke hana (ko aƙalla rage yiwuwar) rashin izini na goro da satar ƙafafun daga abin hawa. .A matsayinka na mai mulki, an shigar da wani sirri a kan dabaran maimakon ɗaya daga cikin daidaitattun kwayoyi, don haka saitin hudu ko shida (dangane da adadin axles) irin waɗannan samfurori sun isa motar.
Duk asirin suna da ka'ida guda ɗaya - waɗannan kwayoyi ne masu santsi waɗanda za'a iya ƙarfafawa kuma a kwance su kawai tare da taimakon maɓalli na musamman wanda ya zo tare da kit.A cikin mafi sauƙi, ana ba da kariya ta hanyar hadaddun (ba hexagonal) siffar waje na goro, mafi girman sirrin sirri suna da ɓoyayyiyar maɓalli mai ɓoye da kariya daga kwancewa tare da filaye (mazugi na waje, saman swivel na waje, da sauransu). .
Bisa ga halaye, asirin suna kama da kwayayen dabaran na al'ada.
Kwayoyin sirri cikakke tare da maƙarƙashiya na musamman
Halayen gororin dabaran
Daga cikin manyan halaye na dabaran kwayoyi za a iya bambanta:
● Girma da shugabanci na zaren;
● Girman maɓalli;
● Ajin ƙarfi.
Nau'in A, B da C suna samuwa a cikin girman zaren guda shida - M12 tare da zare masu kyau (tare da farar 1.25 mm), M12, M14, M18, M20 da M22 tare da farar zaren na 1.5 mm.Nau'in D na goro da aka ƙera don manyan motoci suna da zaren M18, M20 da M22 tare da farar 1.5 mm.A sakamakon haka, da turnkey size na dabaran kwayoyi iya zama 17, 19, 24, 27, 30 da kuma 32.
Kwayoyi don tabbatar da aminci da yuwuwar ƙarfafawa tare da ƙarfin da ake buƙata ba tare da nakasawa ba dole ne su sami ƙarfin aji na 8 ko 10 (da kwayoyi tare da mai wanki mai ɗaukar fursuna - aƙalla 10).Ana samun wannan ta hanyar amfani da wasu maki na karfe da (wani lokaci) ƙarin sarrafa kayan da aka gama.
Duk kwayoyi na dabaran da aka samar a Rasha dangane da ƙira da halaye dole ne su bi ka'idodin GOST R 53819-2010 da wasu ƙa'idodi masu alaƙa.Yawancin masu kera motoci na kasashen waje suna amfani da nasu ma'auni don na'urorin haɗi, don haka kwayayen su na iya bambanta da ƙira da waɗanda aka bayyana a sama.
Zaɓin da ya dace da maye gurbin kwayoyi
A tsawon lokaci, dabaran kwayoyi sun lalace, sun zama ƙasa mai ɗorewa, ko kuma kawai sun ɓace idan an shigar da su ba daidai ba - a cikin duk waɗannan yanayi, dole ne a shigar da sabbin kayan ɗamara.Don maye gurbin, ya zama dole don zaɓar nau'in kwayoyi iri ɗaya kuma tare da halaye iri ɗaya waɗanda aka shigar a baya - wannan ita ce kawai hanyar da aka ba da garantin masu ɗaure.
Idan an maye gurbin ƙwanƙwasa, to dole ne a zaɓa musu ƙwaya.Don haka, tare da fayafai masu hatimin ƙarfe na al'ada, ana amfani da madaidaicin ƙwaya, mai siffar zobe ko lebur.Tare da fayafai na manyan motoci (ciki har da ƙafafun Yuro), na goro tare da injin wanki na kama an ƙara yin amfani da su kwanan nan.Kuma don ƙafafun alloy, ya kamata ku zaɓi ƙwaya masu dacewa tare da shimfidar wuri mai girma ko kwayoyi na musamman.
Ya kamata a biya kulawa ta musamman ga zaɓin goro don manyan motoci - a nan ya kamata a tuna da cewa a gefen dama an haɗa fayafai tare da goro tare da zaren hagu.
Yakamata a kula wajen zabar goro domin gyaran mota.A yau, kasuwa yana ba da nau'i-nau'i iri-iri na kayan haɗi don ƙafafun ƙafafun, amma sau da yawa waɗannan kwayoyi ba su cika ka'idodin ƙarfi da sauran halaye ba - wannan yana cike da fashewar fasteners da hatsarori.
Lokacin shigar da dabaran, ya zama dole a bi shawarwarin mai sarrafa motoci don ƙarfafa kwayoyi - la'akari da jerin da ƙarfin ƙarfi.A matsayinka na mai mulki, ana ƙarfafa kwayoyi tare da irin wannan karfi wanda zai tabbatar da abin dogara na ƙafar ƙafa kuma ba zai lalata diski ba.Tare da rauni mai ƙarfi, zazzagewar kwatsam na goro yana yiwuwa, kuma tsananin lalacewa na studs da ramukan bakin yana faruwa.Maƙarƙashiya mai yawa na iya haifar da nakasar diski kuma yana ƙara yuwuwar fashewa da sauran lalacewa.
Sai kawai tare da madaidaicin zaɓi da shigarwa na ƙwayayen ƙafa, motar za ta kasance barga a kan hanya kuma mai lafiya a cikin yanayi daban-daban.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-05-2023