A cikin mafi yawan injunan ƙonewa na ciki, tsarin rarraba gas ya ƙunshi sassa waɗanda ke tabbatar da canja wurin ƙarfi daga camshaft zuwa bawuloli - masu turawa.Karanta duk game da tappets bawul, nau'ikan su, ƙira da fasalulluka na aiki, da zaɓin su da maye gurbin su, a cikin wannan labarin.
Menene ma'anar bawul?
Bawul tappet wani ɓangare ne na tsarin rarraba iskar gas na injin konewa na ciki na piston;na'urar bin diddigin lokaci, wanda ke watsa ƙarfin axial daga camshaft zuwa bawul kai tsaye ko ta hanyar abubuwa masu taimako (sanda, rocker hannu).
Tsarin rarraba iskar gas na kowane injin konewa na ciki gabaɗaya yana dogara ne akan manyan sassa uku: camshaft, wanda ke juyawa tare (amma tare da rabin saurin angular) tare da crankshaft, bawuloli da tuƙi.Mai kunnawa na injin bawul yana lura da matsayi na camshaft kuma yana tabbatar da canja wurin ƙarfi daga gare ta zuwa bawuloli.Za a iya amfani da sassa daban-daban azaman tuƙi: sanduna, rocker makamai tare da kuma ba tare da sanduna, da sauransu.A mafi yawan lokuta, ana kuma amfani da ƙarin sassa - masu turawa.
Masu tura lokaci suna yin ayyuka da yawa:
● Suna aiki azaman hanyar haɗi tsakanin camshaft cam da sauran sassa na motar bawul;
● Samar da ingantaccen watsawa na sojojin daga camshaft cam zuwa kowane bawuloli;
● Har ila yau rarraba nauyin da ke tasowa daga juyawa na camshaft da kuma aiki na lokaci;
● Ƙara rayuwar sabis na sassan lokaci da sauƙaƙe kiyaye shi;
● Masu turawa na wasu nau'o'in - samar da raƙuman zafin jiki mai mahimmanci tsakanin sassan lokaci da / ko sauƙaƙe tsarin daidaita su.
Bawul tappet wani muhimmin bangare ne na lokacin, idan akwai rashin aiki wanda aikin injin ya lalace sosai.A yayin da aka samu raguwa, dole ne a maye gurbin mai turawa, kuma don yin zabi na sabon sashi, wajibi ne a fahimci nau'o'in nau'i da zane na masu turawa.
Nau'i da ƙira na bawul tappets
Dangane da ƙira da ka'idar aiki, turawa sun kasu kashi da yawa:
● Bellville;
● Silindrical (piston);
● Roller;
● Na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa.
Kowane mai turawa yana da fasalin ƙirar sa da aikace-aikacen sa.
Daban-daban na bawul tappets
Poppet bawul tappets
Gabaɗaya, irin wannan mai turawa ya ƙunshi sanda da tushe na diski, wanda yake dogara da camshaft cam.A ƙarshen sanda akwai zaren don shigar da gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare tare da makullin kulle, ta hanyar da aka daidaita ramukan thermal.Bangaren tallafi na mai turawa ana yin maganin zafi (carburization) don haɓaka juriya.
Dangane da sifar sashin tallafi (faranti), waɗannan turawa sun kasu kashi biyu:
● Tare da goyan bayan lebur;
● Tare da goyan bayan yanayi.
Masu turawa na nau'in farko suna aiki tare da camshaft tare da cams tare da saman aiki na cylindrical.Ana amfani da masu turawa na nau'in na biyu tare da camshafts tare da cams na conical (tare da shimfidar wuri mai aiki) - saboda wannan ƙirar, mai turawa yana juyawa yayin aikin injiniya, wanda ke tabbatar da lalacewa na uniform.
Yanzu kusan ba a yi amfani da faifan faifai ba, an sanya su a kan injuna masu ƙananan bawuloli ko na gefe waɗanda aka haɗa tare da ko ba tare da sanduna ba.
Silindrical (piston) bawul tappets
Akwai manyan nau'ikan turawa iri uku:
● Silindrical rami;
● Gilashin karkashin barbell;
● Gilashin karkashin bawul.
A cikin akwati na farko, an yi mai turawa a cikin nau'i na rufaffiyar silinda, wanda, don sauƙaƙe zane, yana da cavities da windows a ciki.A gefe ɗaya akwai zare don ƙulli na daidaitawa tare da makulli.Ba a cika yin amfani da irin waɗannan masu turawa a yau ba, saboda suna da girman gaske kuma suna ƙara girman duk lokacin.
A cikin akwati na biyu, an yi mai turawa a cikin nau'i na gilashin ƙananan diamita, wanda a ciki an yi wani hutu (dugi) don shigar da sandar turawa.Ana iya yin windows a cikin ganuwar sashin don sauƙaƙe shi da lubrication na yau da kullun.Har yanzu ana samun masu tura irin wannan akan tsofaffin rukunin wutar lantarki tare da ƙananan camshaft.
A cikin akwati na uku, an yi mai turawa a cikin nau'i na gilashin babban diamita, a ciki wanda aka sanya wurin tuntuɓar don ƙarfafawa a ƙarshen ɓangaren valve.Yawancin lokaci, mai turawa yana da siriri-bango, ƙasa da wurin tuntuɓar sa suna da zafi (taurare ko carburized).Irin waɗannan sassa ana amfani da su ko'ina, ana shigar da su a cikin injuna tare da camshaft sama da kai tsaye.
Wani nau'in turawa na silinda don bawul shine mai turawa tare da injin daidaitawa da aka sanya a cikin ƙasa (camshaft cam yana dogara da shi).Mai wanki na iya samun kauri daban-daban, ana yin maye gurbinsa ta hanyar daidaita ramukan thermal.
Roller bawul tappets
Akwai manyan nau'ikan turawa iri biyu:
● Ƙarshe;
● Lever.
A cikin akwati na farko, ana yin turawa a cikin nau'i na igiya na silindi, a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren da aka sanya wani abin nadi na karfe ta hanyar allura, kuma an ba da hutu (dugi) don sanda a saman ƙarshen.A cikin akwati na biyu, an yi ɓangaren a cikin nau'i na lever tare da goyon baya ɗaya, a kan kafada wanda aka shigar da abin nadi kuma akwai hutu don sanda.
An fi amfani da na'urorin irin wannan a cikin injuna masu ƙananan camshaft, kusan ba a samun su a kan sababbin raka'a na wutar lantarki.
Na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa bawul tappets
Masu tura ruwa (hydraulic lifters) sune mafita na zamani da ake amfani da su akan injuna da yawa.Masu tura irin wannan nau'in suna da ingantacciyar hanyar samar da ruwa don daidaita ramukan thermal, wanda ke zaɓar rata ta atomatik kuma yana tabbatar da aiki na yau da kullun na motar.
Tushen zane na mai turawa shine jiki (wanda a lokaci guda yana yin ayyukan plunger), wanda aka yi a cikin nau'i na gilashi mai fadi.A cikin jiki akwai silinda mai motsi tare da bawul ɗin dubawa wanda ke raba silinda zuwa rami biyu.A saman farfajiyar mahalli mai ɗaukar ruwa, ana yin madauwari tsagi tare da ramuka don ba da mai ga silinda daga tsarin lubrication na injin.Ana shigar da mai turawa a ƙarshen fuskar bangon bawul, yayin da tsagi a jikinsa yana daidaita da tashar mai a cikin toshe shugaban.
Na'urar turawa ta hydraulic tana aiki kamar haka.A lokacin da camshaft cam ya shiga cikin mai turawa, silinda yana fuskantar matsin lamba daga bawul kuma yana motsawa zuwa sama, bawul ɗin rajistan yana rufe kuma ya kulle man da ke cikin silinda - duk tsarin yana motsawa gaba ɗaya, yana tabbatar da buɗe bawul ɗin. .A lokacin da matsa lamba mafi girma akan mai turawa, wasu daga cikin mai na iya shiga cikin ramukan da ke tsakanin silinda da jikin mai turawa, wanda ke haifar da canji a cikin izinin aiki.
Zane na na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa pusher (hydraulic lifter)
Lokacin da cam ɗin ya kuɓuta daga mai turawa, bawul ɗin ya tashi ya rufe, a wannan lokacin jikin mai turawa yana fuskantar tashar mai a cikin silinda, kuma matsa lamba a cikin Silinda ya ragu zuwa kusan sifili.A sakamakon haka, man da ke fitowa daga kai ya shawo kan karfin bazara na bawul ɗin dubawa kuma ya buɗe shi, ya shiga cikin silinda (mafi daidai, a cikin ɗakin fitarwa a ciki).Saboda matsa lamba da aka halicce, jikin mai turawa ya tashi (tun da silinda ya tsaya a kan tushen bawul) kuma ya tsaya a kan camshaft cam - wannan shine yadda aka zaɓi rata.A nan gaba, ana maimaita tsarin.
A lokacin aiki na injin, saman tappets, camshaft cams da ƙarshen bawul mai tushe suna lalacewa kuma suna lalacewa, kuma saboda dumama, girman sauran sassan tsarin rarraba yana canzawa kaɗan, wanda ke haifar da canji mara sarrafawa. izini.Na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa tappets suna rama waɗannan canje-canje, koyaushe yana tabbatar da cewa babu gibi kuma gabaɗayan injin yana aiki akai-akai.
Batutuwa na zaɓi da maye gurbin tappets bawul
Kowaturawa, duk da yanayin zafi na wuraren aikin su, sun ƙare tsawon lokaci ko rashin aiki, yana rushe aikin injin.Matsaloli tare da masu turawa suna bayyana ta hanyar lalacewar injin, ciki har da wasu canje-canje a cikin lokaci na bawul.A waje, waɗannan nakasassu suna bayyana ta hanyar hayaniyar motar motar, wanda ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun sana'a ke gane sauƙin ganewa.Duk da haka, a cikin yanayin injuna masu hawan ruwa, hayaniya nan da nan bayan farawa ba matsala.Gaskiyar ita ce, bayan da injin ya yi aiki, man ya bar tappets da tashoshi na kai, kuma 'yan seconds na farko ba su samar da zabi na gibba - wannan yana nunawa ta hanyar bugawa.Bayan 'yan dakiku, tsarin yana samun kyau kuma hayaniya ta ɓace.Idan an lura da amo fiye da 10-12 seconds, to ya kamata ku kula da yanayin masu turawa.
Dole ne a maye gurbin ƙwararrun turawa da sababbi iri ɗaya da lambobin kasida.Ya kamata a yi maye gurbin daidai da umarnin don gyarawa da kuma kula da motar, wannan aikin yana da alaƙa da disassembly na shugaban Silinda kuma yana buƙatar yin amfani da kayan aiki na musamman (don bushewa bawuloli da sauransu), don haka yana da kyau amince da shi ga kwararru.Bayan maye gurbin masu turawa, lokaci-lokaci ya zama dole don daidaita abubuwan sharewa, amma idan ana amfani da kayan aikin hydraulic, to babu buƙatar kulawa.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-14-2023