Na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa drive na birki da kama na motoci ya ƙunshi naúrar da ke sauƙaƙe sarrafa waɗannan tsarin - amplifier.Karanta duk game da vacuum birki da masu haɓaka kama, nau'ikan su da ƙirar su, da zaɓi, gyarawa da maye gurbin waɗannan raka'a a cikin labarin da aka gabatar akan gidan yanar gizon.
Menene amplifier?
Vacuum booster (VU) - wani ɓangare na tsarin birki da kama tare da motar hydraulic na motocin masu ƙafafu;Na'urar pneumomechanical wacce ke ba da ƙarin ƙarfi akan birki ko clutch fedal saboda bambancin matsa lamba na iska a cikin kogon da aka keɓe.
Tsarin birki mai amfani da ruwa mai ƙarfi da ake amfani da shi akan yawancin motoci da manyan motoci da yawa suna da babban koma baya - dole ne direban ya yi amfani da karfi sosai akan feda don yin birki.Wannan yana haifar da ƙara gajiyar direba kuma yana haifar da yanayi masu haɗari lokacin tuƙi.Ana samun irin wannan matsala a cikin clutch mai sarrafa ruwa da manyan motoci da yawa ke da su.A cikin duka biyun, ana magance matsalar ta hanyar amfani da naúrar pneumomechanical guda ɗaya - vacuum birki da clutch booster.
VU tana aiki azaman hanyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin birki / clutch pedal da birki master cylinder (GTZ) / clutch master cylinder (GVC), yana ba da ƙarin ƙarfi daga feda sau da yawa, wanda ke sauƙaƙa sarrafa abin hawa. .Wannan naúrar tana da mahimmanci ga amintaccen aiki na motar, kuma duk da lalacewarta gaba ɗaya baya tsoma baki cikin aikin birki / clutch, dole ne a gyara shi kuma a canza shi.Amma kafin siyan sabon injin amplifier ko gyara tsohuwar, kuna buƙatar fahimtar nau'ikan waɗannan hanyoyin, ƙirar su da ƙa'idar aiki.
Nau'i, ƙira da ka'idar aiki na injin amplifier
Da farko, ya kamata a lura cewa ana amfani da injin amplifiers a cikin tsarin motoci guda biyu:
● A cikin tsarin birki tare da motar hydraulic - mai haɓaka birki (VUT);
● A cikin kama tare da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa - vacuum clutch booster (VUS).
Ana amfani da CWF akan motocin fasinja, motocin kasuwanci da matsakaitan ayyuka.Ana sanya VUS akan manyan motoci, taraktoci da kuma motoci masu kafa daban-daban.Duk da haka, duka nau'ikan amplifiers suna da tsari iri ɗaya, kuma aikin su yana dogara ne akan ka'idar jiki ɗaya.
VUs sun kasu zuwa manyan kungiyoyi biyu:
● Guda ɗaya;
● Majalisa biyu.
Yi la'akari da ƙira da ka'idar aiki na VU dangane da na'urar ɗaki ɗaya.Gabaɗaya, VU ya ƙunshi sassa da sassa da yawa:
● Chamber (aka jiki), raba ta hanyar diaphragm da aka ɗora a cikin bazara zuwa 2 cavities;
● Bawul ɗin servo (bawul mai sarrafawa) wanda aka haɗa kai tsaye zuwa ƙafar clutch / birki.An rufe sashin da ke fitowa na jikin bawul da ɓangaren ɓangaren da aka rufe tare da murfin kariya mai kariya, ana iya gina maɓallin iska mai sauƙi a cikin jikin bawul;
● Daidaitawa tare da ko ba tare da bawul ɗin dubawa don haɗa ɗakin zuwa nau'in ci na naúrar wutar lantarki;
Sanda da aka haɗa kai tsaye zuwa diaphragm a gefe ɗaya kuma zuwa GTZ ko GCS a ɗayan.
A cikin VU guda biyu akwai kyamarori guda biyu da aka sanya a jere tare da diaphragms, waɗanda ke aiki akan sanda ɗaya na GTZ drive ko GCS.A kowane nau'i na inji, ana amfani da ɗakunan ƙarfe na cylindrical, diaphragms kuma ƙarfe ne, suna da dakatarwa na roba (wanda aka yi da roba), wanda ke ba da sauƙin motsi na sashi tare da axis.
An raba ɗakin VU ta diaphragm zuwa kogo biyu: a gefen ƙafar ƙafa akwai wani rami na yanayi, a gefen Silinda akwai rami mara kyau.Matsakaicin kogin yana da alaƙa koyaushe zuwa tushen injin - yawanci nau'in injin ɗin yana aiki a cikin rawarsa (digon matsa lamba a cikinsa yana faruwa lokacin da pistons ya ragu), amma ana iya amfani da famfo daban a cikin motocin da injin dizal.Ramin sararin samaniya yana da alaƙa da yanayin (ta hanyar bawul ɗin sarrafawa) da kuma zuwa rami mara ƙarfi (ta hanyar bawul ɗin sarrafawa iri ɗaya ko bawul ɗin daban).
Zane na injin birki
Ƙirƙirar Ƙira ta alamar-ɗaki mai kara kuzari
Zane-zanen injin ƙararrawa mai hawa biyu
Amplifier injin injin yana aiki a sauƙaƙe.Lokacin da feda ya lalace, an rufe bawul ɗin sarrafawa (servo valve), amma duka cavities suna sadarwa ta ramuka, tashoshi ko bawul ɗin daban - suna kula da rage matsa lamba, diaphragm yana cikin ma'auni kuma baya motsawa a kowane bangare.A lokacin da ake motsa ƙafar ƙafar gaba, an kunna bawul ɗin bin diddigin, yana rufe tashar tsakanin cavities kuma a lokaci guda yana sadarwa da rami na yanayi tare da yanayi, don haka matsa lamba a cikinsa yana ƙaruwa sosai.A sakamakon haka, bambancin matsa lamba yana faruwa a kan diaphragm, yana motsawa zuwa ga rami tare da ƙananan matsa lamba a ƙarƙashin rinjayar babban yanayin yanayi, kuma ta hanyar sanda yana aiki akan GTZ ko GCS.Saboda matsa lamba na yanayi, ƙarfin da ke kan ƙafar yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke sa ƙafar ƙafar ta fi sauƙi a lokacin da ake taka birki ko cire kama.
Idan feda ya tsaya a kowane matsakaicin matsayi, to, bawul ɗin bin diddigin yana rufe (tunda matsin lamba a ɓangarorin biyu na piston ko na'urar wanki na musamman yana daidaita, kuma waɗannan sassan suna zaune akan wurin zama saboda aikin bazara) da matsa lamba a ciki. dakin yanayi ya daina canzawa.A sakamakon haka, motsi na diaphragm da sanda yana tsayawa, GTZ ko GCS masu alaƙa sun kasance a cikin matsayi da aka zaɓa.Tare da ƙarin canji a matsayi na fedal, bawul ɗin sarrafawa ya sake buɗewa, hanyoyin da aka bayyana a sama suna ci gaba.Don haka, bawul ɗin sarrafawa yana ba da aikin bin diddigin tsarin, ta yadda za a sami daidaito tsakanin latsa feda da ƙarfin da aka samar ta hanyar gaba ɗaya.
Lokacin da aka saki fedal, bawul ɗin bin diddigin yana rufewa, yana raba ramin yanayi da yanayin, yayin buɗe ramukan tsakanin ramukan.Sakamakon haka, matsa lamba yana raguwa a cikin kogo biyu, kuma diaphragm da GTZ ko GCS masu alaƙa sun koma matsayinsu na asali saboda ƙarfin bazara.A cikin wannan matsayi, VU yana shirye don sake yin aiki.
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, mafi yawan tushen vacuum ga VU shine nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan wutar lantarki, daga wannan a bayyane yake cewa lokacin da injin ya tsaya, wannan rukunin ba zai yi aiki ba (duk da cewa vacuum ɗin da ya rage a cikin ɗakin VU, ko da yake yana da kyau a yi la'akari da shi). bayan injin ya tsaya, zai iya samar da birki ɗaya zuwa uku).Har ila yau, VU ba zai yi aiki ba idan ɗakunan sun lalace ko kuma injin samar da injin daga motar ya lalace.Amma tsarin birki ko clutch drive a wannan yanayin zai ci gaba da aiki, kodayake wannan yana buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari.Gaskiyar ita ce, an haɗa feda ta kai tsaye zuwa GTZ ko GCS ta hanyar sanduna biyu da ke gudana tare da axis na dukan VU.Don haka idan akwai ɓarna iri-iri, sandunan VU za su yi aiki azaman sandar tuƙi ta al'ada.
Yadda za a zaɓa, gyarawa da kula da amplifier
Ayyuka sun nuna cewa CWT da VUS suna da albarkatu masu mahimmanci kuma da wuya su zama tushen matsaloli.Duk da haka, saboda dalilai daban-daban, rashin aiki daban-daban na iya faruwa a cikin wannan sashin, yawanci asarar matsananciyar ɗakin, lalacewa ga diaphragm, rashin aiki na bawul da lalacewar injiniya ga sassa.Ana nuna rashin aiki na amplifier ta ƙarar juriya akan feda da raguwa a bugunsa.Lokacin da irin waɗannan alamun suka bayyana, ya zama dole don tantance sashin, idan akwai matsala, gyara ko maye gurbin taron ƙararrawa.
Waɗannan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan VUT da VUS waɗanda masana'antun ke ba da shawarar shigar da su kawai yakamata a ɗauka don maye gurbinsu.A ka'ida, ya halatta a yi amfani da wasu sassa, amma dole ne su kasance da halaye masu dacewa da girman shigarwa.Ba abin yarda ba ne don amfani da naúrar da ke haifar da ƙarancin ƙarfi - wannan zai haifar da lalacewa a cikin ikon sarrafa abin hawa da kuma ƙara yawan gajiyar direba.Misali, a kowane hali bai kamata ku sanya VU mai ɗaki ɗaya ba maimakon ɗaki biyu.A gefe guda, babu ma'ana don shigar da amplifier mafi ƙarfi, tunda lokacin amfani da shi, ana iya yin hasarar "ji na pedal", kuma wannan maye gurbin zai buƙaci farashin da bai dace ba.
Har ila yau, lokacin da zabar amplifier, wajibi ne a yi la'akari da tsarinsa - ana iya ba da waɗannan sassa tare da GTZ ko GCS, ko kuma daban da su.Bugu da ƙari, ƙila za ku buƙaci siyan kayan aiki, slags, clamps da fasteners - duk wannan yakamata a kula dashi a gaba.
Dole ne a gudanar da maye gurbin na'urar amplifier daidai da umarnin gyara abin hawa.Yawancin lokaci, ya isa ya cire haɗin tushe daga feda, cire GTZ / GCS (idan suna cikin yanayi mai kyau) da duk hoses, sa'an nan kuma rushe amplifier, shigarwa na sabon naúrar ana aiwatar da shi a cikin tsari na baya.Idan VU ya canza a cikin taro tare da silinda, to, ya zama dole a farko don zubar da ruwa daga tsarin kuma cire haɗin bututun da ke zuwa da'irori daga silinda.Lokacin shigar da sabon amplifier, ya zama dole don daidaita bugun feda, wannan kuma ana iya buƙata yayin ƙarin aiki na abin hawa.
Idan an zaɓi injin ƙara daidai kuma an maye gurbinsa, tsarin birki ko clutch actuator zai fara aiki nan da nan, yana tabbatar da ingantaccen sarrafa abin hawa a kowane yanayi.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-13-2023