Duk motocin za a sanye su da fitilun nunin jagora.Ana ba da daidaitaccen aiki na alamun jagora ta hanyar relays na katsewa na musamman - karanta duk game da waɗannan na'urori, nau'ikan su, ƙira da aiki, da kuma game da zaɓi da sauyawa, a cikin wannan labarin.
Mene ne gudun ba da sanda?
Juya relay (mai nuna alamar katsewa, na'urar yanzu) na'ura ce ta lantarki ko lantarki da aka ƙera don rufewa da buɗe da'irar alamomin hasken abin hawa don samar da sigina na ɗan lokaci don faɗakar da abin hawa yana yin wasu motsi.
Wannan na'urar tana da manyan ayyuka guda hudu:
• Samar da sigina na tsaka-tsaki na fitilun alamar jagora a gefe ɗaya na motar (a hannun dama ko hagu) yayin aiwatar da matakan da suka dace;
• Ƙirƙirar sigina mai tsaka-tsaki na duk fitilun nunin jagora lokacin da aka kunna ƙararrawa;
• Samar da sigina mai tsaka-tsaki na fitilar sarrafawa mai dacewa akan dashboard;
• Ƙirƙirar siginar sauti mai tsaka-tsaki wanda ke sanar da direban alamun kunnawa.
Relay mai katsewa ya ƙunshi da'irori na lantarki guda uku: da'irorin hasken sigina biyu a dama da hagu na abin hawa, da da'irar ƙararrawa ɗaya (wanda ya haɗa da alamun jagora a bangarorin biyu na abin hawa).Don kunna ƙararrawar haske, ana haɗa relay zuwa da'irar da ta dace ta amfani da mashin motsa jiki.Saboda haka, yawanci juyi guda ɗaya kawai ake sanyawa akan motoci.
Dokokin na yanzu na hanya da ka'idoji sun tabbatar da cewa duk motocin da ke aiki a yankin Tarayyar Rasha dole ne a sanye su da alamun jagora, kuma yin amfani da wannan ƙararrawa ya zama tilas lokacin yin kowane motsi.Idan ƙararrawar haske ba ta aiki ba, wajibi ne a dauki matakan kawar da rashin aiki, mafi yawan lokuta ana rage gyaran gyaran zuwa sauƙaƙan sauyawar siginar mai katsewa.Amma kafin siye da canza relays, kuna buƙatar fahimtar nau'ikan waɗannan na'urori waɗanda suke a yau, tsarin su da halayensu.
Rarrabewa, na'ura da ka'idar aiki na jujjuyawa
A kan motoci, tarakta da sauran kayan aiki, ana amfani da manyan nau'ikan relays guda biyu:
• Electromagnetothermal;
• Lantarki.
Na'urori na waɗannan nau'ikan sun bambanta a cikin ka'idodin jiki na aiki da aka shimfiɗa a cikin su kuma, bisa ga haka, zane.
Electromagnetothermal breakers na yanzu.Waɗannan su ne juzu'in jujjuyawar tsohuwar ƙira, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su akan motoci shekaru da yawa, amma godiya ga na'ura mai sauƙi da aminci, har yanzu ba su rasa mahimmancin su ba.
Tushen wannan na'urar ita ce cibiya ta lantarki tare da nada da anka guda biyu na ƙarfe tare da ƙungiyoyin sadarwa.An cire anka ɗaya daga tuntuɓar sa ta wani siririn igiyar nichrome (ƙarfe mai tsayin daka mai ƙarfi da haɓakar haɓakar thermal), anga na biyu yana riƙe da ɗan nesa daga tuntuɓarsa ta farantin tagulla mai ruwan marmari.Wannan nau'in gudun ba da sanda yana aiki a sauƙaƙe.Lokacin da aka kunna alamun jagora, halin yanzu yana wucewa ta hanyar iska mai mahimmanci, igiyar nichrome da resistor, juriya na wannan kewaye yana da girma, don haka fitilu suna haskaka rabin haske.A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, kirtani yana zafi kuma yana tsayi saboda haɓakawar thermal - armature yana jawo hankalin lamba kuma yana rufe da'irar - a cikin wannan yanayin, halin yanzu yana gudana a kusa da kirtani da resistor, fitilun alamar jagora suna haskakawa tare da cikakken incandescence. .Kirtani da aka kashe da sauri tana kwantar da hankali, taqaitaccen kuma tana jan arya daga lamba - kewaye ta karye, halin yanzu yana gudana ta cikin kirtani kuma tsarin ya sake maimaitawa.
A lokacin rufe lambobin sadarwa, babban halin yanzu yana gudana ta hanyar cibiyar lantarki, an kafa filin maganadisu a kusa da shi, wanda ke jawo hankalin armature na biyu - rukuni na biyu na lambobin sadarwa yana rufe, wanda ke kunna fitila a kan dashboard.A saboda wannan, ana yin kwafin aikin alamun jagora ta hanyar aiki na ɗan lokaci na fitilar akan dashboard.Hanyoyin da aka bayyana suna iya faruwa tare da mitar sau 60-120 a minti daya (wato, kowane zagaye na dumama da sanyaya kirtani yana ɗaukar daga 0.5 zuwa 1 seconds).
Zane na electromagnetothermal relay
Electromagnetothermal relays yawanci ana sanya shi a cikin akwati na ƙarfe na silinda tare da dunƙule ko lambobin wuka, ana iya saka su a cikin injin injin ko ƙarƙashin dashboard.
Masu jujjuyawar lantarki.Waɗannan na'urori ne na zamani waɗanda ake amfani da su akan duk sabbin motoci.A yau, akwai nau'ikan relay na lantarki iri biyu:
• Tare da relay na lantarki don haɗa nauyin (fitilun sigina);
• Tare da maɓallin lantarki don haɗa kaya.
A cikin shari'ar farko, jujjuyawar jujjuyawar ta ƙunshi tubalan aiki guda biyu - mai sauƙi na lantarki mai sauƙi da maɓallin lantarki akan na'urar semiconductor (a kan transistor ko microcircuit).Maɓallin lantarki yana aiki azaman janareta na agogo, wanda, tare da ƙayyadaddun mitar, yana ba da halin yanzu zuwa iskar na'urar relay na lantarki, da lambobin sadarwa, rufewa da buɗewa, tabbatar da cewa an kunna da kashe alamun jagora.
A yanayi na biyu, a maimakon relay na lantarki, ana amfani da maɓalli na lantarki akan babban transistor, wanda ke ba da haɗi da kuma cire haɗin alamomin jagora tare da mitar da ake buƙata.
Ana sanya relays na lantarki a cikin daidaitattun nau'ikan filastik tare da lambobin sadarwa na wuka, yawanci ana shigar dasu a cikin akwatin relay da fuse, ƙasa da ƙasa a ƙarƙashin dashboard ko a cikin injin injin.
Tambayoyi na daidai siyayya da maye gurbin bi da bi
Relay da ke da matsala yana ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin gama gari na tsarin lantarki na motoci, kuma ko da yake ka'idodin hanya ba su hana aiki na abin hawa tare da alamun jujjuya mara kyau ba (tun ana iya ba da sigina da hannu), ya kamata a maye gurbin wannan ɓangaren. da wuri-wuri a yayin da aka samu raguwa.Don maye gurbin, kuna buƙatar zaɓar relay na nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) wanda aka shigar a kan mota.Duk da haka, a yau akwai da yawa analogues na mafi na kowa juya relays a kasuwa, kuma daga cikinsu za ka iya zabar da hakkin na'urar.Don zaɓin da ya dace, kuna buƙatar la'akari da waɗannan abubuwan:
• Ƙarfin wutar lantarki - gudun ba da sanda dole ne ya dace da wutar lantarki na hanyar sadarwar lantarki (12 ko 24 volts);
Lamba da wurin lambobin sadarwa (pinout) - relay dole ne ya fada cikin wurin relay da fuse akwatin ko a cikin mai haɗawa daban ba tare da wani gyare-gyare ba;
• Girman shari'ar - relay bai kamata ya wuce girman akwatin relay da fuses ba (ko da yake akwai keɓancewa a nan).
Relays na zamani yana da sauƙi don canzawa - kuna buƙatar buɗe relay da fuse akwatin, cire tsohon gudun ba da sanda, idan ya cancanta, tsaftace mahaɗin lantarki (cire datti da ƙura), sannan shigar da sabon relay.Electromagnetothermal breakers tare da dunƙule haši na bukatar karin manipulations: kana bukatar ka sassauta goro na tsohon gudun ba da sanda, cire wayoyi da kuma gyara su a kan sabon gudun ba da sanda.A wannan yanayin, gudun ba da sanda da kansa yawanci ana ɗora shi a jiki ta amfani da maƙalli da ƙugiya.A wasu lokuta, relays na electromagnetothermal yana ba da damar canji a cikin mitar katsewa na yanzu - don wannan, na'urar dole ne a tarwatsa kuma a daidaita ta ta hanyar juya dunƙule wanda ke jan igiyar nichrome.
Tare da zaɓin da ya dace da shigarwa, relay zai fara aiki nan da nan, yana tabbatar da bin ka'idodin zirga-zirga.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-18-2023