Abubuwan da ke tattare da tsarin sarrafa motoci suna haɗa su ta hanyar haɗin ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa, babban abin da ke cikin su shine yatsunsu na musamman.Karanta game da abin da ƙulla sandar ƙulla, wane nau'in su ne, yadda aka tsara su da kuma ayyukan da suke yi a cikin haɗin gwiwar ball - karanta labarin.
Mene ne abin tie sanda fil?
Tie rod fil wani ɓangare ne na haɗin ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa na sitiyarin kayan hawan keke.Karfe sanda tare da ball kai da threaded tip don hawa, wasa da axis na hinge da babban fastener.
Yatsa ya haɗu da sanduna da sauran sassa na injin tutiya, yana samar da haɗin gwiwa.Kasancewar hinge na wannan nau'in yana tabbatar da motsi na sassan mating na kayan aikin tuƙi a cikin jiragen sama na tsaye da masu juyawa.Don haka, ana samun aikin yau da kullun na tuƙi ba tare da la'akari da matsayi na ƙafafun ba (lokacin da ke karkata daga tsakiyar layin lokacin da ake yin kusurwa, lokacin da ake bugun hanyoyin da ba daidai ba, da sauransu), daidaitawar su (daidaitacce), nauyin abin hawa, nakasuwar katako, frame da sauran sassan da ke faruwa a lokacin motsi na mota, da dai sauransu.
Nau'o'i da zane na tie sanda fil
Ana iya raba yatsu zuwa nau'ikan bisa ga manufa da wurin shigarwa, da kuma wasu fasalulluka na ƙira.
Dangane da manufa da wurin shigarwa, yatsunsu sune:
• Fil ɗin sandar tuƙi - haɗa sassan trapezoid na tuƙi (tsayi, sanduna masu jujjuyawa da ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa);
• Pin bipod na tuƙi - yana haɗa sitiyarin bipod da sandar bipod mai tsayi / bipod lever.
Kayan tuƙi yana amfani da mahaɗin ƙwallon ƙafa guda 4 zuwa 6, ɗaya daga cikinsu yana haɗa bipod ɗin sitiyadi zuwa sandar taye mai tsayi (a cikin motocin da ke da tulin tuƙi, wannan ɓangaren ya ɓace), sauran kuma sandunan ɗaure ne, levers na tuƙi (hannun murɗawa) da kuma pendulum makamai (idan akwai a cikin drive).Ƙungiyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa da yatsun da aka yi amfani da su na iya zama masu musanya, ko yin su don shigarwa a cikin takamammen hinge.Misali, a cikin motoci, ana iya amfani da fil daban-daban don hinge bipod da sanda mai tsayi, haɗin haɗin sandar mai jujjuyawa tare da hannu mai lilo, da sauransu.
Ko da kuwa nau'i da manufa, ƙullun igiyoyin igiya suna da ƙira iri ɗaya bisa ƙa'ida.Wannan juzu'in karfe ne wanda aka karkasa shi zuwa kashi uku:
- Shugaban ball - wani tip a cikin nau'i na sphere ko hemisphere tare da "kwala";
- Jikin yatsa shine ɓangaren tsakiya, wanda aka yi akan mazugi don haɗawa da wani sanda;
- Zaren - tip tare da zaren don gyara hinge.
Yatsa wani ɓangare ne na haɗin ƙwallon ƙwallon, wanda aka yi a cikin nau'i mai zaman kansa - tip (ko kai) na sandar taye.Tushen yana taka rawar jikin hinge, a ciki wanda yatsa yake.An shigar da layin layi a cikin kwandon silindi ko conical na tip, yana rufe kan yatsan yatsa, yana tabbatar da karkatar da shi a cikin dukkan jiragen sama (a cikin digiri 15-25).Liners na iya zama filastik yanki ɗaya (Teflon ko wasu polymers masu jure lalacewa, ana amfani da su akan motoci) ko ƙarfe mai rugujewa (wanda ya ƙunshi rabi biyu, ana amfani da shi akan manyan motoci).Abubuwan da za a iya haɗawa na iya zama a tsaye - rufe kai a tarnaƙi, kuma a kwance - layin layi ɗaya yana ƙarƙashin madaidaicin kai na yatsa, an yi layi na biyu a cikin nau'i na zobe kuma yana sama da kai.
Nau'in ƙira na haɗin gwiwa na sandar ƙwallon ƙafa na motocin fasinja
A ƙasa, an rufe gilashin tare da murfi mai cirewa ko wanda ba za a iya cirewa ba, an shigar da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa a tsakanin murfi da layin layi, wanda ke tabbatar da amintaccen haɗin gwiwa tsakanin layi da shugaban yatsa mai siffar zobe.Daga sama, an rufe jikin hinge tare da hular kariya (anther).A kan ɓoyayyen ɓangaren yatsa, an saka takwaran sandar, bipod ko lever, ana yin ɗamara tare da kwaya.Don ingantaccen shigarwa, ana amfani da kwayoyi masu ramuka (kambi) yawanci, ana gyara su tare da madaidaicin madauri (a cikin wannan yanayin, ana ba da rami mai juzu'i a cikin ɓangaren da aka zare na fil).
Dukkanin haɗin ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙa
Zaɓin da ya dace da gyare-gyaren ƙulla sandar taye
A tsawon lokaci, kai mai siffar zobe da ɓangaren fil ɗin da aka ɗora, da masu layi da sauran sassa na hinge, suna lalacewa.Wannan yana haifar da koma baya da gudu a cikin kayan aikin tuƙi, wanda ke fassara zuwa raguwar jin daɗi da ingancin tuƙi, kuma a ƙarshe a cikin raguwar amincin abin hawa.Idan akwai alamun lalacewa ko karyewa, dole ne a maye gurbin tie rod fil ko taron haɗin gwiwar ball.
Ana iya yin gyare-gyare ta hanyoyi da yawa:
Sauya yatsa kawai;
• Maye gurbin fil da sassan mating (liners, spring, boot, nut da cotter fil);
• Sauya taron titin titin tare da hinge.
Mafi kyawun bayani shine maye gurbin fil tare da sassan mating, tun da duk sababbin abubuwan da aka gyara ba su da koma baya kuma suna tabbatar da haɗin kai na al'ada na igiyoyi da sauran kayan aiki.A wannan yanayin, wajibi ne a yi amfani da na'ura na musamman don matse tsohon yatsa kuma shigar da sabon.Duk da haka, wannan bayani ba koyaushe ya dace ba - a kan wasu motocin fasinja, ba za a iya cire fil ɗin daga hinge ba, yana canzawa kawai a cikin taron.
Ana buƙatar maye gurbin ƙulla tip tip taro tare da hinge kawai idan akwai mummunan aiki na wannan sashin - nakasawa, lalata, lalata.A wannan yanayin, an cire tsohon tip, kuma an shigar da sabon a wurinsa.A lokacin da maye gurbin fil ko taye sanda tukwici, ya zama dole don tabbatar da cewa goro yana amintacce gyarawa (tare da cotter fil ko a wata hanyar da aka tsara), in ba haka ba yana iya juya baya, wanda zai haifar da rashin aiki na tuƙi ko zuwa cikakken asarar sarrafa abin hawa.
Sabuwar sashi baya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman da kulawa, kawai ya zama dole don duba kullun lokaci-lokaci kuma, idan alamun lalacewa ko raguwa sun bayyana, maye gurbin su.Don maye gurbin, ya zama dole a zaɓi yatsu ko tukwici da masu kera abin hawa suka ba da shawarar.Waɗannan sassan dole ne su dace da girman da ƙira (bayar da madaidaicin kusurwar yatsa), in ba haka ba tuƙi ba zai yi aiki daidai ba.Tare da zaɓin da ya dace na tie sanda fil, za a gyara kayan tuƙi bisa ga ƙa'idodi, kuma motar za ta sake karɓar iko mai daɗi da aminci.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-21-2023