Kowane injin konewa na ciki yana ƙunshe da shugaban silinda (kai silinda) - muhimmin sashi wanda, tare da shugaban piston, yana samar da ɗakin konewa, kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin kowane tsarin wutar lantarki.Karanta duk game da kawunan Silinda, nau'ikan su, ƙira, dacewa, kulawa da gyarawa a cikin wannan labarin.
Menene shugaban silinda?
Shugaban Silinda (Kai Silinda) naúrar ingin konewa ne na ciki wanda aka ɗora a saman tubalan Silinda.
Shugaban Silinda yana daya daga cikin manyan sassan injin konewa na ciki, yana tabbatar da aikinsa kuma yana ƙayyade ainihin halayen aikinsa.Amma shugaban an danƙa masa wasu ayyuka masu yawa:
• Ƙirƙirar ɗakunan konewa - a cikin ƙananan kai, wanda yake tsaye a sama da silinda, ana yin ɗakin konewa (bangare ko gaba ɗaya), cikakken girmansa yana samuwa lokacin da aka kai piston TDC;
• Bayar da cakuda iska ko man fetur-iska zuwa ɗakin konewa - ana yin tashoshi masu dacewa (ci) a cikin silinda;
• Cire iskar gas daga ɗakunan konewa - ana yin tashoshi masu dacewa (sharar) a cikin silinda;
• Cooling naúrar wutar lantarki - a cikin shugaban silinda akwai tashoshi na jaket na ruwa ta hanyar da mai sanyaya ke kewayawa;
• Tabbatar da aiki na tsarin rarraba iskar gas (lokaci) - bawuloli suna cikin kai (tare da duk sassan da ke da alaƙa - bushings, kujeru) waɗanda ke buɗewa da rufe tashoshi na shaye da shaye-shaye daidai da bugun injin.Har ila yau, dukan lokaci za a iya samuwa a kai - camshaft (shafts) tare da bearings da gears, da bawul drive, bawul maɓuɓɓuga da sauran related sassa;
• Lubrication na sassan lokaci - tashoshi da kwantena ana yin su a cikin kai, ta inda mai ke gudana zuwa saman sassan shafa;
• Tabbatar da aiki na tsarin allurar mai (a cikin injunan dizal da injunan allura) da / ko tsarin kunnawa (a cikin injunan mai) - injunan mai da / ko tartsatsin tartsatsi tare da sassan da ke da alaƙa (da dizal glow plugs) ana ɗora su akan kai;
• Yin aiki azaman sashin jiki don hawa sassa daban-daban - abubuwan sha da shaye-shaye, na'urori masu auna firikwensin, bututu, brackets, rollers, cover da sauransu.
Saboda irin wannan nau'in ayyuka masu yawa, ana ɗora ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatu akan kan silinda, kuma ƙirar sa na iya zama mai rikitarwa.Har ila yau, a yau akwai nau'o'in kawunan da yawa waɗanda ake aiwatar da aikin da aka kwatanta ta hanya ɗaya ko wata.
Nau'in kawunan silinda
Shugabannin Silinda sun bambanta a cikin ƙira, nau'in da wuri na ɗakin konewa, kasancewar da nau'in lokaci, da maƙasudi da wasu siffofi.
kawunan silinda na iya samun ɗaya daga cikin ƙira huɗu:
• Shugaban gama-gari don duk silinda a cikin injunan layi;
• Kawuna gama gari don jere ɗaya na silinda a cikin injunan V-dimbin yawa;
• Kawuna daban-daban don nau'ikan silinda da yawa na injunan injunan silinda da yawa;
• Kawuna na Silinda ɗaya a cikin layi ɗaya-, biyu- da multi-cylinder, mai siffa V da sauran injuna.
Babban nau'ikan ɗakunan konewa na injunan konewa na ciki
A cikin injunan layi na 2-6-Silinda na al'ada, ana amfani da kawuna na gama gari don rufe duk silinda.A kan injunan V-dimbin yawa, ana amfani da kawunan silinda na gama-gari zuwa jeri ɗaya na cylinders da kuma kawunan kowane silinda (alal misali, injunan KAMAZ 740 mai silinda takwas suna amfani da kawuna daban-daban ga kowane Silinda).Rarrabe kawunan injunan injuna ana amfani da su da yawa ƙasa akai-akai, yawanci ɗaya kai yana rufe 2 ko 3 cylinders (alal misali, a cikin injunan dizal ɗin dizal shida MMZ D-260 an shigar da shugabannin biyu - ɗaya don 3 cylinders).Ana amfani da kawunan silinda guda ɗaya akan injunan dizal mai ƙarfi a cikin layi (alal misali, akan injunan dizal Altai A-01), da kuma na'urori na ƙira na musamman (dan dambe biyu-Silinda, tauraro, da sauransu).Kuma a zahiri, kawuna ɗaya ne kawai za'a iya amfani da su akan injunan silinda guda ɗaya, waɗanda kuma suke aiwatar da ayyukan radiyo mai sanyaya iska.
Dangane da wurin da dakin konewar yake, akwai kawuna iri uku:
• Tare da ɗakin konewa a cikin kan silinda - a cikin wannan yanayin, ana amfani da piston tare da lebur ƙasa, ko kuma yana da mai juyawa;
• Tare da ɗakin konewa a cikin silinda da kuma a cikin piston - a cikin wannan yanayin, ana yin wani ɓangare na ɗakin konewa a cikin shugaban piston;
• Tare da ɗakin konewa a cikin fistan - a wannan yanayin, ƙananan saman saman silinda yana da lebur (amma ana iya samun raguwa don shigar da bawuloli a cikin matsayi mai nisa).
A lokaci guda, ɗakunan konewa na iya samun nau'o'i daban-daban da kuma daidaitawa: mai siffar zobe da hemispherical, hipped, wedge da semi-wedge, lebur-oval, cylindrical, complex (hade).
Dangane da kasancewar sassan lokaci, shugaban sashin sune:
• Ba tare da lokaci ba - shugabannin injunan ƙananan silinda masu yawa da ƙananan silinda guda biyu-bugunan bawul ɗin bawul;
• Tare da bawuloli, makamai masu linzami da abubuwan da ke da alaƙa - shugabannin injin tare da ƙananan camshaft, duk sassan suna cikin saman saman silinda;
• Tare da cikakken lokaci - camshaft, bawul ɗin bawul da bawuloli tare da sassa masu alaƙa, duk sassan suna cikin ɓangaren sama na kai.
A ƙarshe, ana iya raba kawunan bisa ga manufarsu zuwa nau'ikan iri-iri - na dizal, man fetur da na'urorin wutar lantarki, don ƙananan sauri da injunan tilastawa, na injin sanyaya ruwa da sanyaya iska, da dai sauransu A duk waɗannan lokuta. , Silinda shugabannin suna da wasu siffofi na ƙira - girma, kasancewar tashoshi na sanyaya ko fin, siffar ɗakunan konewa, da dai sauransu.
silinda kai zane
Sashin kan silinda
A tsari, shugaban Silinda wani yanki ne mai ƙarfi wanda aka yi da wani abu mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi - a yau galibi ana amfani da allunan aluminum, farin simintin ƙarfe da wasu gami.Duk sassan tsarin da ke cikinsa an kafa su a cikin kai - tashoshi na shaye da shaye-shaye, ramukan bawul (ana danna magudanar jagororin bawul a cikin su), ɗakunan ƙonawa, kujerun bawul (ana iya yin su da ƙari mai ƙarfi), matakan tallafi don hawa. lokaci sassa, rijiyoyi da hawa threaded ramukan don shigar da kyandirori da / ko nozzles, sanyaya tsarin tashoshi, lubrication tsarin tashoshi, Idan shugaban da aka yi nufin wani engine tare da sama camshaft, sa'an nan wani gado da aka kafa a kan ta babba surface domin kwanciya da shaft. (ta hanyar layi).
A gefen saman kan silinda, an samar da filaye don hawa abubuwan sha da shaye-shaye.Ana aiwatar da shigar da waɗannan sassa ta hanyar rufe gaskets waɗanda ke keɓance kwararar iska da zubewar shaye-shaye.A kan injuna na zamani, shigar da waɗannan da sauran abubuwan da aka gyara a kai ana aiwatar da su ta hanyar studs da goro.
A kan ƙananan saman silinda, an yi wani filler surface don hawa a kan toshe.Don tabbatar da tsauraran ɗakunan konewa da tashoshi na tsarin sanyaya, ana samun gasket tsakanin shugaban silinda da cibiyar kasuwanci.Ana iya yin gyare-gyare ta hanyar gaskets na al'ada da aka yi da paronite, kayan da ake amfani da su na roba, da dai sauransu, amma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an ƙara amfani da fakitin ƙarfe da ake kira - gacets na tushen tagulla tare da abubuwan da aka saka.
Babban ɓangaren kai yana rufe da murfi (ƙarfe mai hatimi ko filastik) tare da wuyan mai cika mai da kuma tasha.Ana aiwatar da shigarwa na murfin ta hanyar gasket.Rufin yana kare sassan lokaci, bawuloli da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa daga datti da lalacewa, kuma yana hana zubar da mai yayin da motar ke motsawa.
Zane na shugaban Silinda
Shigar da kan silinda a kan toshe ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar studs ko kusoshi.Studs sun fi dacewa don tubalan aluminum, yayin da suke samar da abin dogara a kan kai kuma suna rarraba kaya a cikin jikin toshe.
Kawunan silinda na injin sanyaya iska (babura, babur da sauransu) suna da fins a saman waje - kasancewar fins yana ƙara girman saman kai, yana tabbatar da sanyaya mai inganci ta hanyar kwararar iska mai zuwa.
Batutuwa na kulawa, gyarawa da maye gurbin kan silinda
Shugaban Silinda da abubuwan da aka ɗora akan shi suna fuskantar manyan lodi, wanda ke haifar da lalacewa da lalacewa.A matsayinka na mai mulki, malfunctions na kai da kansa ba su da yawa - waɗannan su ne nau'i-nau'i daban-daban, fasa, lalacewa saboda lalata, da dai sauransu. Don maye gurbin, ya kamata ka zaɓi shugaban nau'in nau'in nau'i da lambar kasida, in ba haka ba kawai ɓangaren ba zai fada cikin ciki ba. wuri (ba tare da gyare-gyare ba).
Mafi sau da yawa, Silinda shugaban breakdowns faruwa a cikin tsarin shigar da shi - lokaci, lubrication, da dai sauransu Yawancin lokaci wannan shi ne lalacewa na bawul kujeru da bushings, da bawuloli da kansu, drive sassa, camshaft, da dai sauransu A duk wadannan lokuta, m sassa suna maye gurbinsu. ko gyara.Duk da haka, a cikin gareji, wasu nau'o'in gyare-gyare suna da wuyar yin aiki, alal misali, latsawa da latsa bushings jagororin bawul, kujerun bawul da sauran aikin zai yiwu ne kawai tare da kayan aiki na musamman.
Musamman hankali ya kamata a biya ga daidai shigarwa na Silinda shugaban.Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa gas ɗin kan silinda yana iya zubarwa, dole ne a canza shi idan an rushe kai, sake shigar da wannan ɓangaren ba shi da karɓa.Lokacin shigar da kan Silinda, yakamata a lura da daidaitaccen tsari na matsi (studs ko bolts): yawanci aiki yana farawa daga tsakiyar kai tare da motsi zuwa gefuna.Tare da wannan ƙarfafawa, nauyin da ke kan kai yana rarraba daidai kuma an hana nakasar da ba a yarda da ita ba.
A lokacin aikin mota, kula da kai da tsarin da ke cikinta ya kamata a aiwatar da su daidai da umarnin da shawarwarin masana'anta.Tare da kulawa da gyare-gyare na lokaci, shugaban silinda da dukan injin za su yi aiki da aminci da inganci.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-21-2023