Aiki na yau da kullun na mai farawa yana ba da wata hanya ta musamman - injin farawa (wanda aka fi sani da lakabi "Bendix"), wanda ya haɗu da kama mai ƙarfi, gear da cokali mai yatsa.Karanta game da abin da mai farawa yake, menene nau'in shi, yadda aka tsara shi da kuma aiki a cikin wannan labarin.
Menene tuƙi mai farawa?
Motar mai farawa ita ce tsarin farawa injin konewa na ciki, wanda shine hanyar haɗi tsakanin na'urar kunna wutar lantarki da injin tashi.Mai kunnawa yana da ayyuka guda biyu:
• Haɗa mai kunnawa zuwa injin don canja wurin juzu'i daga motar mai farawa zuwa crankshaft flywheel;
• Kariyar mai farawa daga yin nauyi bayan fara injin.
Ayyukan kariya na tuƙi mai farawa yana da mahimmanci.Don fara da ikon naúrar, shi wajibi ne don crankshaft juya a mita na 60-200 rpm (ga man fetur - kasa, dizal injuna - more) - shi ne don wannan angular gudu da Starter.Duk da haka, bayan farawa, rpm yana ƙaruwa zuwa 700-900 ko fiye, a cikin wannan yanayin karfin juyi yana canza kwatance, yana fitowa daga tashi zuwa mai farawa.Ƙarar gudun yana da haɗari ga mai farawa, don haka idan an sami nasarar kunna injin ɗin, dole ne a cire haɗin jirginsa daga farawa - wannan shine aikin da motar ke warwarewa.
A tsari, injin farawa ya haɗu da hanyoyi guda uku:
• Kayan aikin motsa jiki;
• Ƙunƙarar kama (ko freewheel);
• Fitar lefa ko cokali mai yatsa tare da leash, hannun riga ko kama mai kunnawa.
Kowannen tsarin yana da nasa ayyukan.Lever ɗin da aka haɗa da na'ura mai kunnawa mai farawa yana kawo tuƙi zuwa mashin ɗin motsi, yana tabbatar da cewa kayan aiki suna haɗuwa da zobe.Kayan tuƙi yana watsa juzu'i daga mai farawa zuwa zoben tashi.Kuma clutch ɗin da ya wuce gona da iri yana tabbatar da isar da juzu'i daga na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa zuwa kayan aiki a daidai lokacin da injin ya fara, kuma ya raba tuƙi da ƙaya bayan nasarar fara injin.
Yana da ban sha'awa a lura cewa ana kiran motar Starter da ake kira "Bendix" - wannan shi ne saboda kamfanin Faransa Bendix.A da, kayayyakin kayayyakin wannan iri sun yi suna a kasarmu, kuma bayan lokaci sunan ya zama sunan gida.A yau, kowane mai mota, bayan ya ji kalmar "Bendix", ya fahimci cewa muna magana ne game da motar farawa.
Nau'o'in abubuwan motsa jiki
An raba tutocin masu farawa da ake amfani da su a yau zuwa nau'ikan bisa ga ƙirar clutch mai wuce gona da iri da kuma hanyar haɗa lever ɗin tuƙi (cokali mai yatsa).
Ana iya haɗa lefa zuwa mai kunnawa ta hanyoyi uku:
• Yin amfani da haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙugiya na annular - protrusions a kan ƙahonin cokali mai yatsa suna cikin kullun;
• Yin amfani da leash tare da tsagi guda biyu don haɓakawa a kan ƙahonin cokali mai yatsa;
• Yin amfani da leash tare da fil biyu (rectangular, cylindrical), wanda aka sanya ƙahonin cokali mai yatsa tare da ramukan da suka dace.
A lokaci guda, ana iya siyar da faifan masu farawa duka tare da ba tare da lefa ba.
Dangane da ƙirar clutch overrunning, Starter Drives sun kasu zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi biyu:
• Tare da abin nadi overrunning kama;
• Tare da ratchet overruning kama.
A yau, an fi amfani da haɗin gwanon nadi, waɗanda ke da ƙira mafi sauƙi, aminci da tsayin daka ga mummunan tasirin muhalli da sashin injin (ruwa, mai, datti, matsanancin zafin jiki, da dai sauransu).Ana shigar da maƙallan farawa tare da ƙugiyar ratchet da ke mamayewa a kan manyan motocin da ke da na'urori masu ƙarfi.Ratchet couplings na iya yin aiki a ƙarƙashin manyan lodi kuma a lokaci guda suna da ƙananan nauyi da masu nuna girman girman, kuma mafi mahimmanci, suna ba da cikakkiyar katsewar juzu'i.
Zane da ka'idar aiki na mai farawa tare da abin nadi overrunning kama
Tushen ƙirar ƙirar mai farawa tare da madaidaicin abin nadi na motsa jiki shine cage (na waje), a cikin ɓangaren faɗaɗa wanda aka sassaƙa ramuka na sashin giciye mai canzawa don shigar da rollers da maɓuɓɓugan matsin lamba.A cikin kejin motar, an shigar da cage mai tuƙi, haɗe tare da kayan motsa jiki, wanda, a lokacin aikin farawa, yana aiki tare da kambi mai tashi.Rollers suna shigar a cikin sarari tsakanin m surface na kore kejin da cavities na drive cage, suka matsa zuwa cikin kunkuntar part na cavities da taimakon marẽmari (da kuma wani lokacin ƙarin plungers).Ana hana asarar rollers ta hanyar wanki mai kullewa, kuma an haɗa dukkan tsarin gaba ɗaya ta hanyar cakuɗen haɗin gwiwa.
A kan gunkin faifan tuƙi akwai abin haɗawa, leash ko zoben abin da aka makala cokali mai yatsa, ana dasa shi da yardar rai, kuma yana dogara ne da faɗaɗa ɓangaren shirin ta cikin magudanar ruwa.Don hana cokali mai yatsa daga zamewa daga shank na shirin, an gyara shi tare da zoben riƙewa.Bangaren ciki na shirin tuƙi yana da splines waɗanda ke haɗawa da splines akan rotor shaft na farawa ko akwatin gear.Ta hanyar haɗin spline, juzu'i daga shaft ana watsa shi zuwa cage ɗin tuƙi da kuma gabaɗayan motar farawa.
Motar da ke da abin nadi mai ɗaukar nauyin kama yana aiki kamar haka.Lokacin da aka kunna wuta, mai kunnawa mai farawa yana kunna, ƙarfinsa yana jan cokali mai yatsa, wanda, bi da bi, yana tura tuƙi zuwa ga jirgin sama.Domin abin tuƙi ya shiga cikin keken tashi, haƙoransa suna da bevels, kuma maɓuɓɓugar ruwa ma yana taimakawa a nan (yana kuma rage ƙarfin tasirin injin, yana hana lalacewar hakora da sauran sassa).A lokaci guda kuma, motar mai farawa yana farawa, kuma ana watsa wutar lantarki daga shaft ɗinsa zuwa kejin tuƙi.A karkashin aikin maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, rollers a cikin keji suna cikin mafi ƙanƙanta na cavities, saboda wanda akwai manyan rundunonin juzu'i tsakanin ganuwar cavities, rollers da farfajiyar waje na kejin kore.Wadannan sojojin suna tabbatar da jujjuyawar motsi da shirye-shiryen bidiyo, a matsayin duka - a sakamakon haka, karfin wutar lantarki daga mai farawa yana watsawa zuwa kambi mai tashi, kuma injin crankshaft yana juyawa.
Tare da nasarar farawa na naúrar wutar lantarki, saurin kusurwar motsi na tashi yana ƙaruwa, kuma karfin daga gare ta ya fara watsawa zuwa mai farawa.Lokacin da aka kai wani saurin kusurwa na kusurwa, rollers suna motsawa ta cikin cavities a ƙarƙashin aikin sojojin centrifugal, suna wucewa cikin ɓangaren faɗaɗa.A sakamakon wannan motsi, da frictional sojojin tsakanin drive da kuma kore shirye-shiryen bidiyo sun ragu, kuma a wani lokaci sassa sun rabu - da karfin juyi kwarara ya katse, da kuma Starter rotor daina juyawa.A lokaci guda, an kashe mai farawa, kuma an cire tuƙi a ƙarƙashin aikin bazara (kamar yadda haƙoran haƙora a kan shaft) an cire su daga ƙaƙƙarfan ƙanƙara, komawa zuwa matsayinsa na asali.
A yau, akwai bambance-bambance da yawa a cikin ƙira na abin nadi da ke mamaye kama, amma duk suna da ka'idar aiki da aka bayyana a sama.Mai farawa tare da abin nadi yana da sauƙin ganewa ta bayyanarsa - kama yana da siffar zobe na ƙananan nisa a gefen gear.
Ƙira da ƙa'idar aiki na motar farawa tare da ratchet overruning clutch
Tushen zane na ratchet freewheel clutch shine nau'i-nau'i da aka kafa ta hanyar tuƙi kuma suna motsawa ta hanyar haɗin kai, a ƙarshen abin da aka yi hakoran sawtooth.The drive rabin hadawa yana samuwa a kan jagorar hannun riga, yana da alaka da shi ta hanyar tef zaren, kuma a cikin hannun riga akwai madaidaiciya splines don haɗi tare da Starter shaft.A gefe guda, kuma a kan bushing, amma kawai ba tare da tsayayyen haɗin gwiwa ba, akwai wani nau'i na rabin haɗin gwiwa, wanda aka yi tare da kayan aiki.Sawtooth haƙoran kuma ana yin su a ƙarshen ƙwanƙwasa mai tuƙi, waɗanda za su iya shiga tare da haƙoran mashin ɗin rabin hada biyu.
Ƙarƙashin haɗin haɗin gwiwar akwai tsarin kullewa wanda ya ƙunshi zobe mai madaidaicin tsagi da ke da alaƙa da rabin haɗin motar, da kuma ƙwanƙwasa masu haɗin fil tare da rabin haɗin kai.A cikin matsayi mara aiki, zobe yana danna gurasar gurasa a kan hannun riga.Daga sama, an rufe masu haɗin haɗin gwiwa tare da jiki a cikin nau'i na gilashin buɗaɗɗen, a gefen buɗaɗɗen akwai wani zobe na kulle wanda ke hana rabin abin da ke motsawa daga hannun rigar.
Motar da ratchet overruning clutch yana aiki kamar haka.Lokacin da aka kunna wuta, kamar yadda yake a cikin yanayin da ya gabata, ana kawo tuƙi zuwa ƙaƙƙarfan jirgi, kuma kayan aiki suna aiki tare da kambi.A wannan yanayin, ƙarfin axial yana faruwa, saboda abin da duka biyu masu haɗakarwa ke haɗawa - juyawa daga mai farawa yana watsawa zuwa kayan aiki da flywheel.Lokacin da injin ya fara, ƙarfin jujjuyawar yana canza alkibla, nau'in kama da rabi ya fara juyawa da sauri fiye da na jagora.Duk da haka, yayin jujjuyawar baya, haɗin gwiwa tsakanin haƙoran kama ba zai yiwu ba - saboda kasancewar bevels, haƙoran suna zamewa a kan juna, kuma rabin haɗin haɗin gwiwa yana motsawa daga wanda aka kore.A lokaci guda, zobe tare da tsagi na conical wanda ke danna gurasar na'urar kullewa yana mayar da baya, kuma masu fashewa suna tashi tare da fil a ƙarƙashin aikin sojojin centrifugal.Bayan da aka kai matsayi na sama, ana danna ƙwanƙwasa a kan zobe, gyaran gyare-gyaren haɗin kai a wani nisa daga juna - sakamakon haka, an katse magudanar ruwa.Bayan an kashe abin kunnawa, clutch ɗin da aka kora ya daina jujjuyawa, ƙwanƙwasa ya zame ƙasa, ya cire makullin, kuma motar ta koma matsayinta na asali.
Motar farawa tare da ratchet overruning clutch ana iya gane shi cikin sauƙi ta bayyanarsa - yana da siffar gilashi, wanda a cikinsa akwai sassan haɗin gwiwa.Irin waɗannan hanyoyin yanzu ana amfani da su akan manyan motocin MAZ, Ural, KamaZ da wasu.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-22-2023