Ana shigar da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa a kan firam ɗin abin hawa tare da taimakon tallafi da aka gina akan sassa na musamman - yatsunsu.Za ka iya koyan duk game da spring fil, su data kasance iri, zane da kuma fasali na aiki a cikin dakatar, kazalika da daidai zabi na yatsunsu da su maye, a cikin wannan labarin.
Menene fil ɗin bazara?
Spring fil sunan gama gari ne na sassa a cikin nau'i na sanduna tare da hanyoyi daban-daban na hawa (threaded, wedge, cotter fil), suna fitowa a matsayin axles ko fasteners a cikin dakatarwar ababen hawa.
Dakatar da bazara, wanda aka ƙirƙira a cikin karni na XVIII, har yanzu yana da dacewa kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin hanyoyin sufuri.Maɓuɓɓugan ruwa suna aiki azaman abubuwa na roba, waɗanda, saboda kayan marmarin su na bazara, suna fitar da firgici da firgita yayin tuƙi a kan tudun mota.Mafi yawan amfani da su sune maɓuɓɓugan ruwa-elliptical tare da maki biyu na goyon baya akan firam - bayyanawa da zamiya.Ma'anar hinge yana ba da damar jujjuya yanayin bazara dangane da firam, kuma wurin zamewa yana ba da canje-canje a cikin tsayin bazara a lokacin nakasar da ke faruwa a lokutan shawo kan rashin daidaituwa na farfajiyar hanya.Matsakaicin goyon baya na hinged, wanda yake a gaban bazara, wani abu ne na musamman - yatsa na idon bazara (ko yatsa na ƙarshen bazara).Ana yin goyan bayan bazara mai zamiya ta baya akan kusoshi da sauran sassa, amma wani lokacin kuma suna amfani da yatsu na ƙira iri-iri.
Leaf spring dakatar da wurin da yatsunsu a ciki
Spring fil ne muhimman sassa na dakatar, kullum aiki a karkashin high lodi (ko da a lokacin da mota ba motsi), don haka su ne batun tsanani lalacewa da kuma lokaci-lokaci bukatar a maye gurbinsu.Amma kafin sayen sababbin yatsu, ya kamata ku fahimci zane da fasali na waɗannan sassa.
Nau'i, ƙira da fasali na fil na bazara
Ana rarraba fil na maɓuɓɓugar ruwa bisa ga ayyukan da aka yi a cikin dakatarwa (kuma, daidai da haka, bisa ga wurin shigarwa), kuma bisa ga hanyar shigarwa.
Bisa ga manufar (ayyuka), yatsunsu sun kasu kashi uku manyan kungiyoyi:
● Yatsun kunne (karshen gaba) na bazara;
● Fil na goyon bayan bazara;
● Filayen hawa daban-daban.
Kusan duk dakatarwar bazara suna da yatsan kunne, wanda shine babban kashi na gaban hinged fulcrum na gaba da na baya.Wannan yatsa yana yin ayyuka da yawa:
- Yana aiki azaman axis (kingpin) na hinged fulcrum;
- Yana ba da haɗin inji na lugar bazara tare da madaidaicin da ke kan firam;
- Yana ba da jujjuyawar ƙarfi da juzu'i daga dabaran zuwa firam ɗin abin hawa.
Sanya fil ɗin bazara akan goro
Ba za a iya samun fil na goyon bayan baya ba a cikin duk dakatarwar bazara, sau da yawa ana maye gurbin wannan ɓangaren tare da kusoshi ko maƙallan ba tare da ɗigon zare ba.Ana iya raba waɗannan yatsu zuwa manyan iri biyu:
● Yatsu guda ɗaya da aka gyara a cikin ƙwanƙwasa na baya na bazara (mafi daidai, a cikin masu layi na shinge);
● Yatsu biyu da aka tattara a cikin 'yan kunne.
Yatsu guda ɗaya da aka fi amfani da su suna cikin sashin baya, ruwan bazara yana kan wannan yatsa (kai tsaye ko ta wurin gasket na musamman).Ana amfani da yatsu sau biyu ƙasa akai-akai, kuma yawanci akan motoci masu ƙananan nauyi (misali, akan wasu samfuran UAZ).An haɗu da yatsunsu a cikin nau'i-nau'i tare da taimakon faranti biyu (kunci), suna samar da 'yan kunne don rataye bazara: an shigar da yatsa na sama na 'yan kunne a cikin sashi a kan firam, an shigar da ƙananan yatsa a cikin eyelet a baya. na bazara.Wannan ɗaure yana ba da damar ƙarshen bazara don motsawa a kwance da tsaye lokacin da dabaran ke motsawa akan hanyoyi marasa daidaituwa.
Ana amfani da nau'ikan fitilun hawa iri-iri don haɗa kunshin farantin bazara zuwa fatar ido (ko farantin bazara, a ƙarshen sa an kafa madauki).Ana iya amfani da fil da kusoshi don haɗin gwiwa tare da nau'ikan filastik da bushings na roba.
Dangane da hanyar shigarwa, yatsun maɓuɓɓugar ruwa sun kasu kashi uku:
1.With gyarawa tare da madaidaicin kusoshi na ƙananan diamita (jamming);
2.Tare da gyaran goro;
3.Tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙaya.
A cikin shari'ar farko, ana amfani da yatsan siliki, a gefen gefensa wanda aka yi ramuka biyu masu tsaka-tsaki na semicircular.Bakin yana da ƙugiya biyu masu jujjuyawa waɗanda suka dace cikin ramukan fil ɗin, suna tabbatar da cunkosonsa.Tare da wannan shigarwa, yatsa yana amintacce a cikin madaidaicin, ba ya juyawa a kusa da axis kuma ana kiyaye shi daga fadowa a ƙarƙashin tasirin girgiza da girgiza.Ana amfani da yatsa irin wannan a cikin manyan motoci, ciki har da manyan motocin KAMAZ na cikin gida.
A cikin akwati na biyu, an yanke zare a ƙarshen yatsa, wanda aka zana guda ɗaya ko biyu kwayoyi tare da masu wanki.Ana iya amfani da goro na al'ada da kuma kambi na yau da kullun, cikakke tare da fil, wanda aka sanya shi a cikin rami mai jujjuyawa a cikin fil, kuma yana ƙididdige goro.
A cikin akwati na uku, ana amfani da yatsu, gyarawa kawai tare da madaidaicin madauri, wanda ke aiki a matsayin tasha don hana sashin daga fadowa daga madaidaicin.Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da mai wankin turawa tare da fil ɗin.
Ana amfani da yatsun na farko da na biyu a cikin goyon baya na gaba na maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, ana amfani da yatsa na nau'i na uku a cikin goyon bayan maɓuɓɓugan.
A cikin rukuni daban, zaku iya fitar da yatsun da aka yi amfani da su a cikin 'yan kunnen bazara.A cikin kunci ɗaya, ana danna yatsunsu, wanda aka yi amfani da tsawo tare da tsayi mai tsayi a ƙarƙashin kawunansu - yatsa tare da wannan tsawo an shigar da shi a cikin rami a cikin kunci, kuma an gyara shi da ƙarfi.A sakamakon haka, an ƙirƙiri haɗin da za a iya cirewa, godiya ga abin da za'a iya sanya 'yan kunne da sauƙi da kuma rushewa, kuma, idan ya cancanta, tarwatsa don maye gurbin daya yatsa.
Ana ɗora fil ɗin goyan baya na gaba a cikin maƙallan ta hannun riga mai ƙarfi ko haɗaɗɗiyar hannu.A cikin manyan motoci, ana amfani da ƙaƙƙarfan bushings na ƙarfe, wanda a ciki ana shigar da fil ta hanyar hatimin roba guda biyu (cuffs).A cikin motoci masu sauƙi, ana amfani da bushings masu haɗaka da yawa, wanda ya ƙunshi bushings na roba guda biyu tare da ƙwanƙwasa da aka haɗa ta waje da na ciki na bushings na karfe - wannan ƙirar ita ce ƙuƙwalwar ƙarfe-ƙarfe (silent block), wanda ke rage girman matakin girgiza da dakatarwa.
Don aikin al'ada na fil na goyon baya na gaba (spring eyelet), dole ne a lubricated - don wannan dalili, ana yin tashar tashar L-dimbin yawa a cikin yatsunsu (hakowa a karshen da gefe), da kuma man shafawa na yau da kullum. dacewa an ɗora a ƙarshen akan zaren.Ta hanyar mai, man shafawa yana allura a cikin tashar yatsa, wanda ya shiga hannun riga kuma, saboda matsa lamba da dumama, an rarraba shi cikin rata tsakanin hannun riga da fil.Don rarraba man shafawa daidai gwargwado (kazalika don shigar da sashin da kyau a cikin sashi), ana iya yin tsagi mai tsayi da madaidaiciyar sifofi daban-daban a cikin fil.
Spring lug fil fil tare da kusoshi biyu
Spring lug fil fil tare da goro
gyarawa Fil na goyon bayan bazara na baya akan fil ɗin cotter
Yadda ake karba da maye gurbin fil ɗin bazara
A lokacin aiki na abin hawa, duk yatsunsu na maɓuɓɓugar ruwa suna fuskantar manyan nauyin inji, da kuma tasirin abubuwan da ba su da kyau na muhalli, wanda ke haifar da lalacewa mai tsanani, lalacewa da lalata.Wajibi ne a duba yanayin yatsunsu da bushings a kowane TO-1, yayin binciken ya zama dole a gani da kayan aiki don tantance sawar yatsu da bushings, kuma, idan ya fi halatta, canza waɗannan sassa. .
Waɗancan yatsu da sassan haɗin gwiwa da mai yin abin hawa ya ba da shawarar kawai ya kamata a ɗauka don maye gurbinsu.Yin amfani da wasu nau'ikan sassa na iya haifar da lalacewa da lalacewa da dakatarwa da wuri, kuma samar da yatsun hannu shima zai iya haifar da mummunan sakamako (musamman idan ba a zaɓi ƙimar ƙarfe ba daidai ba).Wajibi ne don canza fil ɗin bazara daidai da umarnin don gyarawa da kiyaye abin hawa.Yawancin lokaci, ana aiwatar da wannan aikin kamar haka:
1. A rataya wani bangare na motar daga gefen magudanar ruwa don gyarawa, sauke magudanar ruwa;
2.Disconnect da shock absorber daga bazara;
3.Saki fil - kwance goro, kwance ƙugiya, cire katakon katako ko yin wasu ayyuka daidai da nau'in abin da aka makala fil;
4.Cire yatsa - buga shi ko cire shi daga hannun riga ta amfani da na'ura na musamman;
5.Duba hannun riga kuma, idan ya cancanta, cire shi;
6.Shigar da sababbin sassa, bayan lubricating;
7. Reverse taro.
Ya kamata a lura cewa a wasu lokuta yana yiwuwa a cire yatsa kawai tare da taimakon masu jan hankali na musamman - dole ne a kula da wannan na'urar a gaba.Za'a iya siya ko yin abin ja da kansa, kodayake samfuran masana'anta suna aiki da kyau sosai.
Bayan maye gurbin yatsa, ya zama dole a cika man shafawa a ciki ta hanyar kayan shafawa sannan a yi wannan aikin tare da kulawa mai dacewa.
Idan an zaɓi fil ɗin bazara kuma an canza shi daidai, dakatarwar motar za ta yi aiki da dogaro a kowane yanayi, tana ba da motsi mai daɗi da aminci.
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-11-2023