Ana shigar da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa a kan firam ɗin abin hawa tare da taimakon tallafi da aka gina akan sassa na musamman - yatsunsu.Komai game da yatsunsu na maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, nau'ikan da suke da su, zane da siffofi na aiki a cikin dakatarwa, da kuma daidaitaccen zabi na yatsunsu da maye gurbin su, za ku iya gano a cikin labarin da aka gabatar.
Menene tushen yatsa?
Dakatarwar bazara da wurin yatsu a ciki
Yatsa na bazara shine sunan gama gari na sassa a cikin nau'i na sanduna tare da hanyoyi daban-daban na hawa (threaded, wedge, fil), suna fitowa a matsayin axles ko fasteners a cikin dakatarwar motocin.
Dakatar da bazara, wanda aka ƙirƙira a cikin karni na XVIII, har yanzu yana da dacewa kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin hanyoyin sufuri.Maɓuɓɓugan ruwa suna aiki azaman abubuwa na roba, waɗanda, saboda abubuwan da suke da shi na bazara, suna fitar da girgiza da girgiza lokacin da motar ta motsa tare da rashin daidaituwar hanya.Mafi na kowa ne Semi-elliptical maɓuɓɓugan ruwa tare da maki biyu na goyon baya a kan firam - articulated da zamiya.Batun da aka bayyana yana ba da damar jujjuya yanayin bazara dangane da firam, kuma wurin zamewa yana ba da canje-canje a cikin tsawon lokacin bazara a lokacin nakasar da ke faruwa a lokutan shawo kan rashin daidaituwa na farfajiyar hanya.Axis na goyon bayan articulated, wanda yake a gaban idon ruwa, wani abu ne na musamman - yatsa na kunnen bazara (ko yatsa na gaban ƙarshen bazara).An fi yin goyan bayan bazara mai zamiya ta baya akan bolts da sauran sassa, amma wani lokacin ana amfani da yatsu na ƙira iri-iri a cikinsu.
Yatsun bazara sune sassan dakatarwa masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke aiki koyaushe a ƙarƙashin manyan lodi (ko da motar ba ta motsi), don haka suna fuskantar matsanancin lalacewa kuma lokaci-lokaci suna buƙatar maye gurbin.Amma kafin sayen sababbin yatsu, ya kamata ku fahimci zane da fasali na waɗannan sassa.
Nau'i, ƙira da fasali na maɓuɓɓugan yatsa
Shigar da yatsan bazara a kan goro
Yatsu na maɓuɓɓugar ruwa an rarraba su ta hanyar ayyukan da aka yi a cikin dakatarwa (kuma, bisa ga haka, ta wurin shigarwa), da kuma hanyar shigarwa.
Bisa ga manufar (ayyuka), yatsunsu sun kasu kashi uku manyan kungiyoyi:
● Yatsu na kunne (ƙarshen gaba) na bazara;
● Yatsu na goyon bayan baya na bazara;
● Yatsu masu hawa daban-daban.
A kusan duk dakatarwar bazara na ganye akwai yatsan kunne, wanda shine babban kashi na gaban hinge fulcrum na gaba da na baya.Wannan yatsa yana yin ayyuka da yawa:
● Yana aiki a matsayin axis (kingpin) na fulcrum da aka bayyana;
● Yana ba da haɗin inji na kunnen bazara tare da madaidaicin da ke kan firam;
● Yana ba da jujjuyawar ƙarfi da juzu'i daga dabaran zuwa firam ɗin abin hawa.
Ba za a iya samun fil ɗin tallafi na baya ba a cikin duk abubuwan dakatarwar bazara, galibi ana maye gurbin wannan ɓangaren da kusoshi ko maƙallan ba tare da ɗigon zare ba.Ana iya raba waɗannan yatsu zuwa manyan iri biyu:
● Yatsu guda ɗaya da aka gyara a cikin maƙallan baya na bazara (mafi daidai, a cikin abubuwan da aka saka na shinge);
● Yatsu biyu da aka tattara a cikin 'yan kunne.
Yatsu guda ɗaya da aka fi amfani da su suna cikin sashin baya, ruwan bazara yana kan wannan yatsa (kai tsaye ko ta wurin gasket na musamman).Ana amfani da yatsunsu biyu sau da yawa, kuma yawanci akan motoci na ƙananan taro (misali, akan wasu samfuran UAZ).An tattara yatsunsu a cikin nau'i-nau'i tare da taimakon faranti guda biyu (kunci), suna samar da 'yan kunne don rataye bazara: an shigar da yatsa na sama na 'yan kunne a cikin wani sashi a kan firam, ƙananan yatsa - a cikin kunne a bayan baya. bazara.Wannan dutsen yana ba da damar ƙarshen bazara don motsawa a cikin jiragen sama a kwance da kuma a tsaye lokacin da dabaran ke motsawa tare da hanyoyi marasa daidaituwa.
Ana amfani da nau'ikan fitilun hawa iri-iri don haɗa fakitin faranti na bazara zuwa kunne (ko farantin ganye, a ƙarshen sa an kafa madauki).Za'a iya amfani da yatsu da kusoshi don haɗin gwiwa tare da nau'ikan filastik da bushings na roba.
Dangane da hanyar shigarwa, yatsun maɓuɓɓugar ruwa sun kasu kashi uku:
1. Tare da gyaran gyare-gyare tare da ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa na ƙananan diamita (jamming);
2. Tare da gyaran goro;
3. Tare da gyaran fil.
Kunnen yatsa yana maɓuɓɓugar ruwa tare da gyarawa tare da kusoshi biyu
Kunnen yatsa yana tsiro tare da gyarawa tare da goro
Yatsa na goyon bayan baya na bazara a kan fil
A cikin shari'ar farko, ana amfani da yatsan siliki, a gefen gefensa wanda aka yi madaidaicin madaidaicin madauwari biyu.Maɓallin yana da ƙullun maɓalli guda biyu waɗanda ke shiga cikin santsin yatsa, suna tabbatar da cunkosonsa.Tare da wannan shigarwa, yatsa yana amintacce a cikin madaidaicin, ba ya juyawa a kusa da axis kuma ana kiyaye shi daga fadowa a ƙarƙashin tasirin girgiza da girgiza.Ana amfani da yatsa irin wannan a cikin manyan motoci, ciki har da manyan motocin KAMAZ na cikin gida.
A cikin akwati na biyu, an yanke zare a ƙarshen yatsa, wanda aka zana guda ɗaya ko biyu kwayoyi tare da masu wanki.Dukansu kwayoyi na al'ada da kambi za a iya amfani da su cikakke tare da fil wanda aka sanya a cikin rami mai juzu'i a cikin yatsa, kuma yana ƙididdige goro.
A cikin akwati na uku, ana amfani da yatsun hannu, gyarawa kawai tare da fil, wanda ke aiki a matsayin tasha wanda ke hana ɓangaren daga fadowa daga cikin madaidaicin.Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da injin wanki tare da fil.
Ana amfani da yatsun na farko da na biyu a cikin goyon baya na gaba na maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, yatsunsu na nau'i na uku - a cikin goyon bayan baya na maɓuɓɓugar ruwa.
A cikin rukuni daban, zaku iya fitar da yatsun da aka yi amfani da su a cikin 'yan kunne na maɓuɓɓugan ruwa.A cikin kunci ɗaya, an danna yatsunsu, wanda aka yi da tsawo tare da tsayin tsayi a ƙarƙashin kawunansu - an shigar da yatsa a cikin rami a cikin kunci tare da wannan tsawo, kuma an gyara shi da ƙarfi.Haɗin kai tare da kunci na biyu ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar kwayoyi na yau da kullun ko kambin kwayoyi tare da fil.A sakamakon haka, an ƙirƙiri haɗin haɗin kai, godiya ga abin da za a iya sauƙaƙe da ƙwanƙwasa da tarwatsewa, kuma idan ya cancanta, tarwatsa don maye gurbin yatsa ɗaya.
Shigar da yatsunsu na goyon baya na gaba a cikin maƙallan ana yin su ta hanyar daɗaɗɗen hannu ko haɗin gwiwa.A cikin manyan motoci, ana amfani da ƙaƙƙarfan bushing ɗin ƙarfe, wanda aka sanya yatsun hannu ta hanyar hatimin roba guda biyu (cuffs).A cikin motoci masu sauƙi, ƙaƙƙarfan bushings ɗin da suka ƙunshi bushings na roba guda biyu tare da kafadu da aka haɗa ta waje da bushings na ƙarfe na ciki ana amfani da su sosai - wannan ƙirar ƙirar ƙarfe-ƙarfe ce ta hinge (silent block), wanda ke rage girman matakin girgizawa da hayaniyar dakatarwa.
Don aikin yau da kullun na yatsa na goyon bayan gaba (kunnen bazara), lubrication ya zama dole - don wannan dalili, ana yin tashar L-dimbin yawa a cikin yatsunsu (hakowa a ƙarshen da gefen gefe), da ma'auni. oiler press yana ɗora a ƙarshen akan zaren.Ta hanyar mai, ana zubar da mai a cikin tashar yatsa, wanda ke shiga cikin daji kuma, saboda matsa lamba da dumama, ana rarraba shi a cikin rata tsakanin daji da yatsa.Don ko da rarraba mai mai (kazalika don daidaitaccen shigarwa na sashi a cikin sashi), ana iya yin tsayin daka da madaidaiciyar sifofi daban-daban a cikin yatsa.
Yadda ake ɗauka da maye gurbin maɓuɓɓugan yatsa
A lokacin aiki na abin hawa, duk yatsunsu na maɓuɓɓugar ruwa suna fuskantar manyan nauyin kayan aiki na inji, da kuma tasirin abubuwan da ba su da kyau na muhalli, wanda ke haifar da lalacewa mai tsanani, lalacewa da lalata.Bincika yanayin yatsunsu kuma bushings ɗin su ya kamata ya kasance a kowane TO-1, yayin binciken ya zama dole a gani da kayan aiki tantance sawar yatsu da bushings, kuma, idan ya fi halatta, canza waɗannan sassa.
Waɗancan yatsu da sassa masu alaƙa waɗanda mai kera abin hawa ke ba da shawarar ya kamata a ɗauka don musanya su.Amfani da wasu nau'ikan sassa na iya haifar da lalacewa da karyewar dakatarwar, mummunan sakamako kuma yana iya samun ƙera yatsu masu zaman kansu (musamman idan ba a zaɓi ƙimar ƙarfe ba daidai ba).Kuna buƙatar canza yatsa na bazara daidai da umarnin don gyarawa da kula da abin hawa.Galibi ana gudanar da wannan aiki kamar haka:
1. Rataya wani yanki na motar daga gefen magudanar ruwa don gyarawa, sauke magudanar ruwa;
2. Cire haɗin mai ɗaukar girgiza daga bazara;
3. Saki yatsan - Cire goro, cire ƙugiya, cire fil ko yin wasu ayyuka daidai da nau'in abin da aka makala na yatsa;
4. Cire yatsa - buga shi ko cire shi daga hannun riga tare da na'ura na musamman;
5. Duba daji kuma, idan ya cancanta, cire shi;
6. Shigar da sababbin sassa, tun da farko an yi lubrication;
7. Juya gini.
Ya kamata a lura cewa a wasu lokuta, zaka iya cire yatsa kawai tare da taimakon masu jan hankali na musamman - dole ne a kula da wannan na'urar a gaba.Za'a iya siya ko yin abin ja da kansa, kodayake samfuran masana'anta suna aiki da kyau sosai.
Bayan maye gurbin yatsa, ya zama dole a cika shi da man shafawa ta hanyar mai jarida, a nan gaba don yin wannan aiki tare da kulawa mai dacewa.
Idan an zaɓi yatsa na bazara kuma an maye gurbin shi daidai, dakatarwar motar za ta yi aiki da aminci a kowane yanayi, yana ba da motsi mai dadi da aminci.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-06-2023