A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an maye gurbin na'urori masu saurin mota da tsarin auna saurin lantarki, wanda na'urori masu auna gudu ke taka muhimmiyar rawa.Komai game da na'urori masu saurin sauri na zamani, nau'ikan su, ƙira da aiki, kazalika da zaɓin daidai da maye gurbin su - karanta a cikin wannan labarin.
Menene firikwensin saurin gudu
Na'urar firikwensin sauri ( firikwensin saurin abin hawa, DSA) abu ne mai mahimmanci na tsarin auna saurin abin hawa;Na'urar firikwensin lamba ko mara lamba wanda ke auna saurin kusurwa na shaft a cikin akwatin gear ko a cikin akwatin axle na tuƙi kuma yana watsa sakamakon auna zuwa mai sarrafa saurin abin hawa ko mitar sauri.
Lura: labarin ya tattauna DSA kawai don auna saurin mota.Game da na'urori masu auna saurin dabaran da ke aiki azaman ɓangare na tsarin tsaro masu aiki (ABS da sauransu), waɗanda aka kwatanta a wasu labaran kan gidan yanar gizon mu.
Na'urori masu saurin gudu na iya zama ɓangare na tsarin abin hawa na zamani daban-daban:
● Speedometer - don aunawa da nuna saurin motsi na yanzu da kuma nisan tafiya (ta amfani da odometer);
● allura, ƙonewa da sauran tsarin injin - don gyara yanayin aiki na sashin wutar lantarki, dangane da saurin motar da canje-canjensa (a lokacin haɓakawa da birki);
● Tsaro mai aiki da tsarin ƙararrawa - don gyara sauri da yanayin motar a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban, gargadi game da yanayi masu haɗari, da dai sauransu;
● A wasu motoci - sarrafa wutar lantarki da tsarin ta'aziyya.
DSA, kamar tuƙi na gargajiya na ma'aunin saurin gudu, ana ɗora shi akan akwatin gear, akwati na canja wuri ko akwatin axle gear, bin diddigin saurin kusurwa na shaft na sakandare ko matsakaici.Bayanin da aka karɓa daga firikwensin a cikin nau'in siginar lantarki ana aika shi zuwa ga mai sarrafa sauri ko kai tsaye zuwa ma'aunin saurin gudu.Halayen siginar da aka samar da hanyoyin haɗi / haɗa na'urori masu auna firikwensin tare da kayan lantarki na abin hawa sun dogara da nau'ikan su, ƙira da ka'idar aiki.Wannan yana buƙatar ƙarin bayani dalla-dalla.
Ayyuka, nau'ikan, ƙira da ƙa'idar aiki na firikwensin saurin gudu
Na'urori masu saurin sauri, ba tare da la'akari da nau'i da ƙira ba, suna haifar da sigina waɗanda za'a iya aika ko dai kai tsaye zuwa ga ma'aunin saurin gudu ko zuwa mai sarrafa injin da na'urorin sarrafa lantarki masu alaƙa.A cikin yanayin farko, ana amfani da firikwensin kawai don tantance saurin abin hawa a gani.A cikin yanayi na biyu, ana amfani da bayanan ta hanyar lantarki na motoci don sarrafa injin da sauran tsarin, kuma ana ciyar da siginar zuwa ma'aunin saurin daga mai sarrafawa.A kan motocin zamani, ana ƙara amfani da hanyar haɗin gwiwa ta biyu.
Auna gudu tare da DSA abu ne mai sauƙi.Na'urar firikwensin yana haifar da siginar bugun jini (yawanci a siffar rectangular), wanda adadin maimaita bugun bugun jini ya dogara da saurin jujjuyawar shaft kuma, bisa ga saurin motar.Yawancin na'urori masu auna firikwensin zamani suna samar da nau'in bugun jini daga 2000 zuwa 25000 a kowace kilomita, amma ma'aunin da aka fi amfani da shi shine ƙwanƙwasa 6000 a kowace kilomita (don na'urori masu auna firikwensin - 6 pulses a kowace juyi na rotor).Don haka, ana rage ma'aunin saurin zuwa lissafin ta mai sarrafa adadin maimaitawar bugun jini da ke fitowa daga DSA a kowane raka'a na lokaci, kuma fassarar wannan darajar zuwa km/h ta fahimci mana.
An raba na'urori masu saurin sauri zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi biyu:
● Shaft, ko tuntuɓar da ke jagorantar kai tsaye;
● Maras tuntuɓar juna.
Shigar da firikwensin saurin lamba a akwatin gear
Ƙungiya ta farko ta haɗa da na'urori masu auna firikwensin zuwa abin da ake watsa jujjuyawar jujjuyawar gearbox shaft, axle ko yanayin canja wuri ta hanyar injin tuƙi da kebul na ƙarfe mai sassauƙa (ko ɗan gajeren madaidaicin shaft).Na'urar firikwensin yana ba da na'urar da ke karanta jujjuyawar angular na shaft kuma ta canza ta zuwa abubuwan motsa jiki.Ana amfani da na'urori masu auna firikwensin wannan nau'in, saboda ana iya shigar da su maimakon tukin na'ura mai sauri (wanda ke ba ku damar haɓaka tsoffin motocin ba tare da ƙarin farashi ba) kuma suna da aminci sosai.
Babban bugun kira na firikwensin sauri mara lamba
Ƙungiya ta biyu ta haɗa da na'urori masu auna firikwensin da ba su da hulɗar kai tsaye tare da shinge mai juyawa.Don auna saurin irin waɗannan na'urori masu auna firikwensin, an shigar da na'ura mai taimako akan shaft - babban diski ko rotor.Na'urorin da ba su da alaka da juna suna karuwa sosai, an sanya su a kan yawancin motocin gida na yanzu.
Duk na'urori masu auna firikwensin suna aiki akan ka'idodin jiki daban-daban.A cikin na'urorin tuntuɓar, tasirin Hall da tasirin magnetoresistive (MRE), da kuma na'urorin gani (nau'i-nau'i na optoelectronic), galibi ana amfani da su.A tsakiyar na'urori masu auna firikwensin da ba a tuntuɓar su ba, ana amfani da tasirin Hall sosai, kuma sau da yawa MRE.An kwatanta zane da ka'idar aiki na kowane nau'in firikwensin a kasa.
Tuntuɓi na'urori masu auna firikwensin dangane da tasirin Hall
Nau'in na'urori masu auna firikwensin suna dogara ne akan tasirin Hall: idan wani lebur madugu, ta bangarori biyu masu gaba da juna, wanda aka sanya wutar lantarki kai tsaye a cikin filin maganadisu, to wutar lantarki ta tashi ta sauran bangarorinta.A tsakiyar DSA akwai guntu Hall, wanda aka riga an haɗa wafer (yawanci ana yin shi da permalloy) da da'irar amplifier.A cikin na'urori masu auna firikwensin, microcircuit da magnet sun kasance a tsaye, kuma ana aiwatar da canji a cikin filin maganadisu saboda "labule" mai juyawa - zobe tare da ramummuka.Ana haɗa zoben zuwa kebul na tuƙi ko shaft, daga abin da yake karɓar juyawa.Ana aika siginar fitarwa daga DSA zuwa ma'aunin saurin gudu ko mai sarrafawa ta hanyar daidaitaccen mai haɗawa, ta inda ake ba da wutar lantarki zuwa guntu na Hall.
Na'urori masu auna firikwensin da ba na sadarwa ba dangane da tasirin Hall
DSA mara lamba yana dogara ne akan tasiri iri ɗaya, amma babu sassa masu motsi a ciki - maimakon haka, rotor ko faifan bugun jini tare da sassan magnetized yana kan mashin naúrar (akwatin gear, akwatin gear axle).Akwai ƙaramin rata tsakanin ɓangaren mai mahimmanci na firikwensin (tare da guntu Hall) da na'ura mai juyi, lokacin da rotor ke juyawa, ana haifar da siginar bugun jini a cikin microcircuit, wanda aka aika zuwa mai sarrafawa ta hanyar daidaitaccen mai haɗawa.
Tsarin aiki na firikwensin saurin da ba na lamba ba
Tuntuɓi na'urori masu auna firikwensin dangane da tasirin magnetoresistive
Ƙirar firikwensin sauri tare da sinadarin magnetoresistive
Irin wannan nau'in DSA yana dogara ne akan tasirin magnetoresistive - dukiyar wasu kayan don canza ƙarfin lantarki lokacin da aka sanya su a cikin filin maganadisu.Irin waɗannan na'urori masu auna firikwensin suna kama da na'urori masu auna firikwensin Hall, amma suna amfani da kwakwalwan kwamfuta tare da haɗaɗɗen nau'in magnetoresistive (MRE) dangane da kayan semiconductor.Mafi sau da yawa, waɗannan na'urori masu auna firikwensin suna da tuƙi kai tsaye, ana aiwatar da canji a cikin filin maganadisu ta hanyar jujjuya magnet ɗin zoben Multi-pole magnet, ana ba da sigin da aka ƙirƙira ga mai sarrafawa ta hanyar daidaitaccen mai haɗawa (ta hanyar samar da wutar lantarki na microcircuit tare da shi). Ana bayar da MRE).
Optoelectronic lamba firikwensin
Waɗannan DSA sune mafi sauƙi a ƙira, amma ba su da hankali kuma sun fi rashin aiki fiye da waɗanda aka kwatanta a sama.Na'urar firikwensin yana dogara ne akan optocoupler - LED da phototransistor, tsakanin abin da akwai faifai tare da ramummuka da aka haɗa zuwa mashigin tuƙi.Lokacin da faifan ya juya, haske mai haske tsakanin LED da phototransistor yana katse lokaci-lokaci, ana haɓaka waɗannan katsewa kuma a aika zuwa mai sarrafawa a cikin siginar bugun jini.
Tsarin firikwensin saurin Optoelectronic
Yadda za a zaɓa da maye gurbin madaidaicin firikwensin saurin gudu
Na'urar firikwensin saurin da ba daidai ba a cikin abin hawa na zamani na iya zama tushen matsaloli daban-daban - daga asarar bayanai game da saurin motsi da nisan tafiya (na'urar saurin gudu da odometer sun daina aiki), zuwa rushewar na'urar wutar lantarki (rashin kwanciyar hankali, rashin kwanciyar hankali). ƙara yawan amfani da man fetur, asarar wutar lantarki), sarrafa wutar lantarki da tsarin tsaro.Don haka, idan DSA ta lalace, yakamata a maye gurbinta da wuri-wuri.
Don maye gurbin, ya kamata ka ɗauki firikwensin da ke kan motar a baya, ko amfani da na'urori daga cikin waɗanda ke ba da shawarar.A wasu lokuta, yana yiwuwa a zaɓi DSA "ba ɗan ƙasa", amma mafi yawan lokuta wannan ba zai yiwu ba - firikwensin ko dai ba ya fada cikin wuri, ko kuma ya ba da karatun da ba daidai ba yayin shigarwa.Don haka, gwaje-gwaje tare da zaɓin DSA yakamata a yi amfani da su kawai a cikin matsanancin yanayi.
Ana yin maye gurbin firikwensin daidai da umarnin wannan abin hawa (ko akwatin gear, axle ko yanayin canja wuri).DSAs ɗin tuƙi kai tsaye yawanci suna da zaren maɓalli da hexagon (amma ba koyaushe ba - wasu samfuran suna da zobe tare da corrugation mai jujjuyawar), don haka maye gurbin su yana saukowa don kunna tsohuwar na'urar da zazzage sabuwar.Na'urori masu auna firikwensin da ba su da alaƙa galibi ana haɗe su da sukurori ɗaya ko biyu waɗanda aka zare ta cikin rami a cikin flange.A kowane hali, dole ne a yi duk aikin tare da cire tashar daga baturi, kafin a kashe firikwensin, dole ne a cire haɗin haɗin wutar lantarki, kuma kafin shigar da sabon, tsaftace wurin da aka shigar.
Yana da wuya a maye gurbin rotor na na'urori masu auna firikwensin ba tare da tuntuɓar ba - don wannan ya wajaba don kwance sashin naúrar (akwatin, gada), sannan aiwatar da aikin gyara daidai da umarnin.
Tare da madaidaicin zaɓi da maye gurbin firikwensin saurin, saurin gudu da tsarin mota daban-daban (ciki har da injin) nan da nan suka fara aiki.A nan gaba, DSA za ta tabbatar da aminci da jin daɗin aiki na abin hawa.
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-12-2023