A kan kowane nau'in motoci, bas, tarakta da kayan aiki na musamman, ana amfani da bawul ɗin solenoid don sarrafa kwararar ruwa da iskar gas.Karanta game da abin da bawul ɗin solenoid suke, yadda aka tsara su da aiki, da kuma wurin da suke cikin kayan aikin mota a cikin wannan labarin.
Menene solenoid bawul kuma a ina ake amfani da shi?
Solenoid bawul shine na'urar lantarki don sarrafa ramut na kwararar gas da ruwaye.
A cikin fasahar mota, ana amfani da bawul ɗin solenoid a cikin tsarin daban-daban:
- A cikin tsarin pneumatic;
- A cikin tsarin hydraulic;
- A cikin tsarin man fetur;
- A cikin tsarin taimako - don kula da nesa na sassan watsawa, dandali na juji, haɗe-haɗe da sauran na'urori.
A lokaci guda, bawul ɗin solenoid suna warware manyan ayyuka guda biyu:
- Gudanar da kwararar matsakaicin aiki - samar da iska mai matsa lamba ko mai zuwa raka'a daban-daban, dangane da yanayin aiki na tsarin;
- Kashe samar da matsakaicin aiki a cikin yanayin gaggawa.
Ana warware waɗannan ayyuka ta hanyar bawul ɗin solenoid na nau'ikan iri da ƙira, waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙarin bayani dalla-dalla.
Nau'in solenoid bawuloli
Da farko, solenoid bawuloli sun kasu kashi biyu kungiyoyi bisa ga irin matsakaicin aiki:
- Air - bawuloli na pneumatic;
- Fluids - bawuloli don tsarin man fetur da tsarin na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa don dalilai daban-daban.
Dangane da adadin kwararar matsakaiciyar aiki da fasali na aikin, bawuloli sun kasu kashi biyu:
- Hanya biyu - suna da bututu biyu kawai.
- Hanya uku - suna da bututu uku.
Hanyoyi guda biyu suna da bututu guda biyu - mashigai da fitarwa, tsakanin su matsakaicin aiki yana gudana a cikin hanya ɗaya kawai.Tsakanin bututun akwai bawul wanda zai iya buɗewa ko kashe magudanar ruwa na matsakaicin aiki, yana tabbatar da isar da shi ga raka'a.
Bawuloli uku suna da nozzles guda uku waɗanda za a iya haɗa su a cikin haɗuwa daban-daban.Misali, tsarin huhu yakan yi amfani da bawuloli tare da mashigai guda ɗaya da bututun fitarwa guda biyu, kuma a wurare daban-daban na nau'in sarrafawa, ana iya ba da iskar da aka matsa daga bututun shigar zuwa ɗaya daga cikin bututun fitarwa.A daya hannun, a cikin EPHX bawuloli ( tilasta rago economizer) akwai shaye daya da biyu ci bututu, wanda samar da al'ada yanayi da kuma rage matsa lamba ga carburetor idling tsarin.
An raba bawul ɗin hanyoyi biyu zuwa nau'i biyu bisa ga matsayin abin sarrafawa lokacin da aka kashe wutar lantarki:
- Kullum bude (NO) - bawul yana buɗewa;
- An rufe kullun (NC) - an rufe bawul.
Dangane da nau'in actuator da sarrafawa, bawuloli sun kasu kashi biyu:
- Valves na aikin kai tsaye - ana sarrafa kwararar matsakaicin aiki kawai ta hanyar ƙarfin da wutar lantarki ta haɓaka;
- Pilot solenoid valves - ana sarrafa kwararar matsakaicin aiki a cikin sashi ta amfani da matsa lamba na matsakaici kanta.
A cikin motoci da taraktoci, ana amfani da bawuloli masu sauƙin aiki kai tsaye.
Har ila yau, bawuloli sun bambanta a cikin halaye na aiki (nau'in wutar lantarki na 12 ko 24 V, ƙananan ƙananan da sauransu) da siffofi na ƙira.Na dabam, yana da daraja ambaton bawuloli, wanda za a iya harhada a cikin tubalan na 2-4 guda - saboda wani matsayi na bututu da fasteners (eyelets), su za a iya hade a cikin wani tsari guda tare da babban adadin mashiga da kuma babban adadin mashiga. bututu masu fita.
Tsarin gabaɗaya da ka'idar aiki na bawuloli na solenoid
Duk bawuloli na solenoid, ba tare da la'akari da nau'in da manufa ba, suna da ainihin ƙira iri ɗaya, kuma suna da manyan abubuwa da yawa:
- Electromagnet (solenoid) tare da madaidaicin ƙira ɗaya ko wani;
- Sarrafa / kulle kashi (ko abubuwa) da aka haɗa da armature na electromagnet;
- Cavities da tashoshi don gudana na matsakaicin aiki, an haɗa su da kayan aiki ko nozzles a jiki;-Kungiyar.
Har ila yau, bawul na iya ɗaukar abubuwa daban-daban - na'urori don daidaitawa da tashin hankali na maɓuɓɓugan ruwa ko bugun jini na na'ura mai sarrafawa, kayan aiki na magudanar ruwa, kayan aiki don sarrafa hannun hannu na gudana na matsakaicin aiki, sauyawa don sarrafa wasu na'urori dangane da jihar. na bawul, tacewa, da dai sauransu.
Valves sun kasu kashi uku bisa ga nau'i da ƙira na abin sarrafawa:
- Spool - an yi nau'in sarrafawa a cikin nau'i na spool, wanda zai iya rarraba magudanar ruwa na matsakaicin aiki ta hanyar tashoshi;
- Membrane - ana yin kashi mai sarrafawa a cikin nau'i na membrane na roba;
- Piston - ana yin kashi na sarrafawa a cikin nau'i na piston kusa da wurin zama.
A wannan yanayin, bawul ɗin yana iya samun ɗaya, biyu ko fiye da abubuwan sarrafawa waɗanda ke haɗa su da ɗaya armature na electromagnet.
Ka'idar aiki na bawul ɗin solenoid yana da sauƙi.Yi la'akari da aiki mafi sauƙi na diaphragm mai hanya biyu wanda aka saba rufe bawul da ake amfani da shi a tsarin samar da mai.Lokacin da bawul ɗin ya ƙare, an danna maƙarƙashiya a kan diaphragm ta hanyar aikin bazara, wanda ke toshe tashar kuma yana hana ruwa daga gudana ta hanyar tsarin.Lokacin da aka yi amfani da halin yanzu a kan electromagnet, filin maganadisu ya taso a cikin iska, saboda abin da aka zana armature a ciki - a wannan lokacin membrane, wanda ba a danne shi ta hanyar armature, ya tashi a ƙarƙashin rinjayar matsa lamba na aiki. matsakaici kuma yana buɗe tashar.Tare da cirewar na yanzu daga electromagnet, armature a ƙarƙashin aikin bazara zai dawo zuwa matsayinsa na asali, danna membrane kuma toshe tashar.
Bawuloli biyu suna aiki a irin wannan hanya, amma suna amfani da ko dai spools ko nau'in sarrafa nau'in piston maimakon diaphragm.Alal misali, la'akari da zane da kuma aiki na EPHX bawul na carburetor motoci.Lokacin da aka cire ƙarfin lantarki, an ɗaga armature sama a ƙarƙashin aikin bazara, kuma sashin kulle yana rufe abin da ya dace na sama, yana haɗa kayan aiki na gefe da ƙananan (na yanayi) - a wannan yanayin, ana amfani da matsa lamba na yanayi zuwa EPHH. bawul na pneumatic, an rufe shi kuma tsarin carburetor idling ba ya aiki.Lokacin da aka yi amfani da halin yanzu zuwa electromagnet, an janye armature, yana cin nasara da ƙarfin bazara, yana rufe ƙananan dacewa, yayin buɗe na sama, wanda aka haɗa da bututun cin abinci na injiniya (inda aka rage matsa lamba) - a wannan yanayin, a Ana amfani da injin famfo a kan bawul ɗin pneumatic EPHH, yana buɗewa kuma yana kunna tsarin mara amfani.
Solenoid bawuloli ne sosai amintacce kuma unpretentious a cikin aiki, suna da wani gagarumin albarkatun (har zuwa da dama da ɗaruruwan actuations), kuma, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba sa bukatar musamman goyon baya.Duk da haka, a cikin yanayin rashin aiki, dole ne a maye gurbin kowane bawul da wuri-wuri - kawai a wannan yanayin za a tabbatar da aikin da ake bukata da amincin abin hawa.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-24-2023