A cikin kowane abin hawa na zamani akwai hanyar sadarwa ta lantarki da aka haɓaka, ƙarfin wutar lantarki wanda aka daidaita shi ta na'ura ta musamman - mai sarrafa relay-regulator.Karanta duk game da relay-regulators, nau'ikan da suke da su, ƙira da aiki, kazalika da zaɓi da maye gurbin waɗannan sassa a cikin labarin.
Menene madaidaicin wutar lantarki?
Relay mai sarrafa wutar lantarki (mai sarrafa wutar lantarki) wani sashi ne na tsarin lantarki na abin hawa;Na'urar inji, lantarki ko na'urar lantarki wanda ke ba da goyan baya ga wutar lantarki da ke aiki a cikin samar da wutar lantarki a cikin takamaiman iyakoki.
Ana gina tsarin lantarki ta hanyar da idan an dakatar da na'urar, baturi (batir) yana aiki a matsayin tushen wutar lantarki, kuma idan aka kunna shi, janareta ya canza wani bangare na wutar lantarki.Duk da haka, janareta yana da babban koma baya - ƙarfin lantarki na halin yanzu da aka haifar da shi ya dogara da saurin crankshaft, da kuma a halin yanzu cinyewa ta hanyar lodi da yanayin zafi.Don kawar da wannan koma baya, ana amfani da na'ura mai taimako - mai sarrafa relay-regulator ko kawai mai sarrafa wutar lantarki.
Mai sarrafa wutar lantarki yana magance matsaloli da yawa:
● Ƙaddamar da wutar lantarki - kiyaye ƙarfin lantarki na cibiyar sadarwa na kan jirgin a cikin ƙayyadaddun iyakokin da aka ƙayyade (a cikin 12-14 ko 24-28 volts tare da ƙetare halatta);
● Kariyar baturi daga fitarwa ta hanyoyin janareta lokacin da injin ya tsaya;
● Wasu nau'ikan masu sarrafawa - kashewa ta atomatik lokacin da aka sami nasarar kunna injin;
● Wasu nau'ikan masu sarrafawa - haɗin kai tsaye da cire haɗin janareta daga baturi don cajin shi;
● Wasu nau'ikan masu sarrafawa - canza wutar lantarki na cibiyar sadarwa na kan jirgin dangane da yanayin yanayi na yanzu (canja wurin tsarin lantarki zuwa aikin bazara da hunturu).
Dukkanin motoci, tarakta da injuna daban-daban suna sanye da na'urorin relay-regulators.Rashin aikin wannan naúrar yana kawo cikas ga aikin gabaɗayan tsarin wutar lantarki, a wasu lokutan kuma hakan na iya haifar da lalacewar kayan lantarki da gobara.Sabili da haka, dole ne a maye gurbin mai sarrafa kuskure da wuri-wuri, kuma don daidaitaccen zaɓi na sabon sashi, ya zama dole a fahimci nau'ikan da ke akwai, ƙira da ƙa'idar aiki na masu gudanarwa.
Nau'i, ƙira da ka'idar aiki na relay-regulator
A yau, akwai nau'o'in relay-regulators da yawa, amma aikin su yana dogara ne akan ka'idoji iri ɗaya.Kowane mai gudanarwa ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu alaƙa guda uku:
- Ma'auni (m) kashi;
- Kwatanta (control) kashi;
- Matsakaicin tsari.
An haɗa mai sarrafawa zuwa filin iska na janareta (OVG), aunawa da canza ƙarfin halin yanzu a cikinsa - wannan yana tabbatar da ƙarfin lantarki.Gabaɗaya, wannan tsarin yana aiki kamar haka.Ma'aunin ma'auni, wanda aka gina akan ma'aunin wutar lantarki, yana lura da ƙarfin halin yanzu a cikin OVG kuma yana canza shi zuwa siginar da ke zuwa ga sashin kwatanta (control).Anan, ana kwatanta siginar tare da ma'auni - ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki wanda yakamata yayi aiki a cikin tsarin lantarki na mota.Za'a iya gina ɓangaren tunani bisa tushen relays vibration da zener diodes.Idan siginar da ke fitowa daga ma'aunin ma'aunin ya yi daidai da abin da ake magana (tare da karkatacciyar hanya), to mai sarrafa ba ya aiki.Idan siginar mai shigowa ya bambanta da siginar tunani a wata hanya ko wata, to, ɓangaren kwatancen yana haifar da siginar sarrafawa da ke zuwa ga sashin da aka gina akan relays, transistor ko wasu abubuwa.Abubuwan da ke daidaitawa suna canza halin yanzu a cikin OVG, wanda ke samun nasarar dawo da ƙarfin lantarki a fitowar janareta zuwa iyakokin da ake buƙata.
Tsarin toshewar wutar lantarki
Kamar yadda aka riga aka nuna, an gina raka'o'in masu gudanarwa a kan wani tushe na daban, a kan wannan na'urorin sun kasu kashi da dama:
● Jijjiga;
● Contact-transistor;
● transistor na lantarki (marasa lamba);
● Integral (transistor, wanda aka yi ta amfani da fasahar haɗin gwiwa).
Zane na relay regulator na vibration
A tarihi, na'urorin girgiza ne suka fara bayyana, waɗanda, a zahiri, ana kiran su relay-regulators.A cikin irin wannan na'ura, ana iya haɗa dukkan raka'a uku a cikin ƙira ɗaya - relay electromagnetic tare da rufaffiyar lambobin sadarwa, ko da yake ana iya yin nau'in ma'auni ta hanyar rarrabawa akan resistors.Ƙarfin tashin hankali na bazara mai dawowa yana aiki azaman ƙimar tunani a cikin gudun ba da sanda.Gabaɗaya, mai sarrafa relay-regulator yana aiki kawai.Tare da ƙananan halin yanzu akan OVG ko ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki a fitarwa na janareta (dangane da hanyar haɗin mai sarrafawa), relay baya aiki kuma halin yanzu yana gudana cikin yardar kaina ta hanyar rufaffiyar lambobin sadarwa - wannan yana haifar da haɓakar ƙarfin lantarki.Lokacin da wutan lantarki ya tashi, na'urar ta sake kunnawa, ƙarfin lantarki a cikin kewaye ya ragu kuma ya sake sakewa, ƙarfin lantarki ya sake tashi kuma ya sake kunnawa - wannan shine yadda relay ya juya zuwa yanayin oscillation.Lokacin da ƙarfin lantarki a kan janareta ya canza ta hanya ɗaya ko wata, mitar oscillation na relay yana canzawa, wanda ke tabbatar da ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki.
A halin yanzu, ba a amfani da relays na girgizar ƙasa, waɗanda ke da ƙarancin inganci da ƙarancin aminci, a kan ababen hawa.A wani lokaci, an maye gurbinsu ta hanyar masu kula da lamba-transistor, wanda ake amfani da relay relay azaman nau'in kwatanta/masu sarrafawa, kuma ana amfani da transistor da ke aiki a yanayin maɓalli azaman sinadari mai daidaitawa.A nan, transistor yana taka rawar relay contacts, sabili da haka, a gaba ɗaya, aikin irin wannan mai sarrafawa yayi kama da wanda aka kwatanta a sama.A yau, ana maye gurbin masu kula da irin wannan nau'in a zahiri da transistor marasa lamba na ƙira iri-iri.
A cikin masu sarrafa transistor marasa lamba, ana maye gurbin relay da na'urar semiconductor mafi sauƙi - zener diode.Zener diode stabilization voltage ana amfani dashi azaman ƙimar tunani, kuma an gina ɓangaren sarrafawa akan tushen transistor.A ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki, zener diode da transistor suna cikin irin wannan yanayin cewa ana ba da iyakar halin yanzu zuwa OVG, wanda ke haifar da karuwa a cikin wutar lantarki.Lokacin da aka kai matakin ƙarfin lantarki da ake buƙata, zener diode da transistor suna canzawa zuwa wata jiha kuma suna fara aiki a cikin yanayin oscillatory, wanda, kamar yadda yake a cikin yanayin relay na al'ada, yana ba da ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki.
Ana gina na'urorin lantarki na zamani akan transistor kuma suna iya samun na'ura mai sarrafa bugun jini (PWM), ta inda ake saita mitar da'ira kuma za'a iya shigar da na'urar a cikin tsarin sarrafa motoci na gaba ɗaya.
Ana iya aiwatar da masu sarrafa transistor marasa lamba akan abubuwa masu ma'ana da haɗin gwiwar fasaha.A cikin akwati na farko, ana amfani da kayan aikin lantarki na al'ada (zener diodes, transistor, resistors, da dai sauransu), a cikin akwati na biyu, ana tattara dukkan naúrar akan guntu guda ɗaya ko ƙaƙƙarfan toshe na ƙananan abubuwan rediyo masu cike da fili.
Tsarin da aka yi la'akari yana da mafi sauƙi na relay-regulators, a gaskiya, ana amfani da na'urori masu rikitarwa tare da raka'a daban-daban na taimako - sarrafawar farawa, hana fitar da baturi ta hanyar iska, gyara yanayin aiki dangane da zafin jiki, kariya ta kewaye, ganewar kansa da sauransu. .A kan yawancin masu sarrafa taraktoci da manyan motoci, ana kuma aiwatar da yiwuwar daidaita wutar lantarki ta hannu.Ana yin wannan gyare-gyare ta hanyar amfani da madaidaicin resistor (a cikin na'urorin girgiza - ta amfani da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa) ta hanyar lefa ko rike da aka sanya a wajen gidan.
Ana yin masu sarrafawa a cikin nau'i na ƙananan tubalan da aka ɗora kai tsaye a kan janareta ko a wuri mai dacewa akan abin hawa.Ana iya haɗa na'urar zuwa OVG da / ko fitarwa na janareta, ko zuwa sashin samar da wutar lantarki a kan jirgin inda ake buƙatar ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki.A wannan yanayin, dole ne a haɗa tasha ɗaya ta OVG zuwa "+" ko zuwa "-" a kan jirgin.
Relays mai sarrafa wutar lantarki don shigarwa a wajen janareta
Batutuwa na zaɓi, bincike da maye gurbin masu sarrafa wutar lantarki
Matsaloli daban-daban na iya faruwa a cikin relay-regulators, waɗanda a mafi yawan lokuta suna bayyana ta rashin cajin baturi na yanzu kuma, akasin haka, ta hanyar cajin baturin da ya wuce kima.Mafi sauƙaƙan rajistan mai sarrafawa za'a iya aiwatar da shi ta amfani da voltmeter - kawai fara injin kuma bar shi yayi gudu a mitar 10-15 rpm kuma tare da fitilolin mota na mintuna 2500-3000.Sa'an nan, ba tare da rage gudun ba kuma ba tare da kashe fitilolin mota ba, auna ƙarfin lantarki a tashar baturi - ya kamata ya zama 14.1-14.3 volts (na 24-volt sau biyu a girma).Idan ƙarfin lantarki ya fi ƙasa da ƙasa ko mafi girma, to wannan lokaci ne don bincika janareta, kuma idan yana cikin tsari, maye gurbin mai sarrafa.
Mai sarrafa relay-regulator na nau'in iri ɗaya da ƙirar da aka shigar a baya yakamata a ɗauka don maye gurbinsa.Yana da mahimmanci a kula da tsari na haɗin mai sarrafawa zuwa cibiyar sadarwa na kan jirgin (waɗanda tashoshi na janareta da sauran abubuwa), da kuma samar da wutar lantarki da igiyoyi.Dole ne a yi maye gurbin sashi bisa ga umarnin, ana iya yin aikin kawai lokacin da injin ya tsaya kuma an cire tashar daga baturi.Idan an bi duk shawarwarin, kuma an zaɓi mai sarrafawa daidai, to nan da nan zai fara aiki, yana tabbatar da aikin al'ada na tsarin lantarki.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-13-2023