Wutar lantarki na ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmancin tsarin mota na zamani, yana yin ɗaruruwan ayyuka kuma yana sa aikin motar kanta ya yiwu.Wuri na tsakiya a cikin tsarin yana shagaltar da shinge mai hawa - karanta game da waɗannan abubuwan da aka gyara na motocin VAZ, nau'ikan su, ƙira, kiyayewa da gyarawa a cikin labarin.
Manufa da aiki na tubalan hawa
A cikin kowace mota, akwai dozin na'urorin lantarki da na lantarki da yawa waɗanda ke da ma'auni iri-iri - waɗannan su ne na'urori masu haske, na'urorin goge-goge da masu wanki, ECU na na'urorin wutar lantarki da sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, na'urorin ƙararrawa da nuni, da sauransu.Ana amfani da adadi mai yawa na relays da fuses don kunna/kashe da kare waɗannan na'urori.Don matsakaicin sauƙi na shigarwa, kulawa da gyarawa, waɗannan sassa suna cikin ɗaya module - shingen hawa (MB).Har ila yau, wannan bayani yana samuwa a cikin duk samfuran Volga Automobile Plant.
Ana amfani da shingen hawan VAZ don sauyawa da kuma kare na'urorin da suka hada da wutar lantarki a kan jirgi na mota.Wannan toshe yana yin ayyuka masu mahimmanci da yawa:
- Canja na'urorin lantarki - wannan shine inda ake kunna su da kashe su ta amfani da relays;
- Kariyar da'irori / na'urori daga wuce gona da iri da gajerun hanyoyin - fuses waɗanda ke hana gazawar na'urorin lantarki suna da alhakin wannan;
- Kariyar abubuwan da aka gyara daga mummunan sakamako - datti, yanayin zafi mai zafi, shigar da ruwa, iskar gas, ruwa na fasaha, da dai sauransu;
- Taimakawa wajen gano na'urorin lantarki na abin hawa.
Waɗannan raka'a suna sarrafa grid ɗin wutar abin hawa, amma suna da ƙira mai sauƙi.
A zane na VAZ hawa tubalan - a general view
All hawa tubalan amfani a kan model na Volga Automobile Shuka suna da irin wannan zane, sun ƙunshi da wadannan sassa:
- allo mai kewayawa wanda ke ɗaukar dukkan abubuwan da ke cikin naúrar;
- Relays - na'urori don kunnawa da kashe na'urorin lantarki da na'urori;
- Fuses da ke hana lalacewar na'urori da na'urori saboda gajeriyar kewayawa, raguwar wutar lantarki, da dai sauransu;
- Masu haɗin lantarki don haɗawa da naúrar a cikin tsarin lantarki na mota;
- Jikin naúrar.
Ana buƙatar ƙarin bayani dalla-dalla.
Akwai nau'ikan allo guda biyu:
- Fiberglass tare da bugu taro na aka gyara (a farkon model);
- Filastik tare da saurin haɓaka abubuwan haɗin gwiwa akan pads na musamman (samfuran zamani).
Yawancin lokaci, allunan suna yin duniya, ana iya haɗa allon ɗaya a cikin tubalan nau'ikan samfura da gyare-gyare.Don haka, ana iya samun masu haɗa wutar lantarki da ba a shagaltar da su don relays da fuses a cikin rukunin da aka haɗa akan allo.
Hakanan akwai manyan nau'ikan relays guda biyu:
- Relays electromagnetic na al'ada don sauya da'irori na lantarki - suna rufe da'ira ta sigina daga sarrafawa, firikwensin daban-daban, da sauransu;
- Relays na lokaci da Breaker don kunnawa da aiki da na'urori daban-daban, musamman, sigina, gogewar iska da sauran su.
Duk relays, ba tare da la'akari da nau'in su ba, an ɗora su tare da masu haɗawa na musamman, suna da sauri-canzawa, don haka za'a iya maye gurbin su a zahiri a cikin wani al'amari na seconds.
A ƙarshe, akwai kuma nau'ikan fuses guda biyu:
- Silindrical yumbu ko fis ɗin filastik tare da saka fis, shigar a cikin masu haɗawa tare da lambobin da aka ɗora a bazara.Irin waɗannan sassa an yi amfani da su a farkon tubalan motocin Vaz-2104 - 2109;
- Fuses tare da lambobi irin wuka.Irin waɗannan fis ɗin suna da sauri don shigarwa kuma sun fi aminci fiye da fuses cylindrical na al'ada (tunda haɗarin taɓa lambobin sadarwa da saka fis ɗin yana raguwa lokacin maye gurbin fis).Wannan nau'in fiusi ne na zamani da ake amfani da shi a cikin duk nau'ikan tubalan hawa na yanzu.
Jikin tubalan an yi su ne da robobi, dole ne su kasance suna da murfin da ke da latches ko skru masu ɗaure kai da abubuwan ɗaurewa a motar.A wasu nau'ikan samfura, tweezers na filastik kuma suna nan don maye gurbin fuses, ana adana su a cikin naúrar kuma ana samun inshora daga asarar.A saman farfajiyar tubalan, ana yin duk masu haɗin wutar lantarki masu mahimmanci don haɗi zuwa da'irori na lantarki.
Samfura da Aiwatar da Rukunin Shigarwa na Yanzu
Ya kamata a lura nan da nan cewa a cikin motocin VAZ, an fara shigar da nau'in 2104 guda ɗaya, kafin a yi amfani da fuses daban-daban da kuma shigar da relay.A halin yanzu, akwai nau'ikan samfura iri-iri da gyare-gyare na waɗannan abubuwan:
- 152.3722 - An yi amfani dashi a cikin 2105 da 2107
- 15.3722/154.3722 - An yi amfani da su a cikin 2104, 2105 da 2107;
- 17.3722/173.3722 - An yi amfani da su a cikin 2108, 2109 da 21099;
- 2105-3722010-02 da 2105-3722010-08 - amfani da su a cikin 21054 da 21074;
- 2110 - An yi amfani dashi a cikin 2110, 2111 da 2112
- 2114-3722010-60 - An yi amfani dashi a cikin samfura 2108, 2109, da 2115
- 2114-3722010-40 - An yi amfani dashi a cikin samfura 2113, 2114 da 2115
- 2170 - An yi amfani da su a cikin 170 da 21703 (Lada Priora);
- 21723 "Lux" (ko DELRHI 15493150) - amfani da samfurin 21723 (Lada Priora hatchback);
- 11183 - An yi amfani dashi a cikin samfura 11173, 11183 da 11193
- 2123 - An yi amfani da shi a cikin 2123
- 367.3722 / 36.3722 - An yi amfani da su a cikin 2108, 2115;
- 53.3722 - An yi amfani dashi a cikin 1118, 2170 da 2190 (Lada Granta).
Kuna iya samun wasu tubalan da yawa, waɗanda galibi gyare-gyare ne na samfuran da aka ce.
A cikin ƙirar Lada na yanzu tare da na'urorin sanyaya iska, ƙila za a iya samun ƙarin tubalan hawa masu ƙunshe da relays da fiusi da yawa don na'urorin sanyaya iska.
Ana ba da raka'a daga manyan masana'antun guda biyu zuwa masu jigilar kayayyaki na VAZ da kasuwa: AVAR (Avtoelectroarmatura OJSC, Pskov, Rasha) da TOCHMASH-AUTO LLC (Vladimir, Rasha).
Babban ra'ayi na kulawa da kawar da lalacewa a cikin raka'a
Tubalan hawa da kansu ba su da kulawa, amma wannan shine tsarin farko da za a bincika lokacin da wani laifi a cikin na'urorin lantarki na abin hawa ya faru.Gaskiyar ita ce, mafi yawan lokuta lalacewa yana haɗuwa da relay ko fuse, ko kuma tare da asarar lamba a cikin haɗin, don haka yana yiwuwa a kawar da matsalar ta hanyar duba tsarin.
Ba shi da wahala a sami shinge mai hawa a cikin VAZ na iyalai daban-daban, yana iya samun wurare daban-daban:
- Sashin injin (a cikin samfuran 2104, 2105 da 2107);
- Ciki, ƙarƙashin dashboard (a cikin samfuran 2110 - 2112, da kuma samfuran Lada na yanzu);
- Niche tsakanin injin injin da gilashin iska (a cikin samfuran 2108, 2109, 21099, 2113 - 2115).
Don samun damar abubuwan da ke cikin naúrar, kuna buƙatar cire murfinsa kuma kuyi bincike.An kwatanta hanyar magance matsala a cikin littafin jagora don aiki, kulawa da gyaran mota.
Lokacin siyan sabbin abubuwa ko duka raka'a, yakamata kuyi la'akari da ƙirar su da dacewa da wasu samfuran mota.Yawancin lokaci, nau'ikan tubalan da yawa sun dace da samfurin mota ɗaya, don haka ga wasu motoci, za'a iya warware zaɓin da sauri kuma a farashi mai sauƙi.Tare da relays da fuses, abubuwa sun fi sauƙi, saboda an daidaita su kuma suna da yawa.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-18-2023