Tushen sarrafa injin allura shine taron magudanar ruwa, wanda ke daidaita kwararar iska a cikin silinda.A zaman banza, aikin samar da iska yana zuwa wata naúrar - mai sarrafa saurin gudu.Karanta game da masu gudanarwa, nau'ikan su, ƙira da aiki, da zaɓin su da maye gurbin su a cikin labarin.
Menene mai sarrafa saurin aiki?
Mai sarrafa saurin aiki (XXX, ƙarin mai sarrafa iska, firikwensin rago, DXH) shine tsarin sarrafa tsarin samar da wutar lantarki don injunan allura;Na'urar lantarki bisa injin stepper wanda ke ba da isar da mitoci ga mai karɓar motar da ke ƙetare rufaffiyar bawul ɗin magudanar ruwa.
A cikin injin konewa na ciki tare da tsarin allurar mai (injectors), ana aiwatar da sarrafa saurin ta hanyar samar da iskar da ake buƙata zuwa ɗakunan konewa (ko ma dai, ga mai karɓa) ta hanyar taron maƙura, wanda bawul ɗin maƙura ke sarrafa ta fedar iskar gas yana nan.Duk da haka, a cikin wannan zane, akwai matsala na rashin aiki - lokacin da ba a danna fedal ba, an rufe bawul ɗin magudanar gaba ɗaya kuma iska ba ta gudana zuwa ɗakunan konewa.Don magance wannan matsala, an gabatar da wani tsari na musamman a cikin taron ma'auni wanda ke samar da iskar iska lokacin da aka rufe damper - mai sarrafa saurin gudu.
XXX yana yin ayyuka da yawa:
● Samar da iskar da ake buƙata don farawa da dumama sashin wutar lantarki;
● Daidaitawa da daidaitawa na mafi ƙarancin saurin injin (idling);
● Damping na iska mai gudana a cikin hanyoyi masu wucewa - tare da budewa mai kaifi da kuma rufe bawul din magudanar ruwa;
● Daidaita aikin motar ta hanyoyi daban-daban.
Mai sarrafa saurin gudu da aka ɗora akan ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin yana tabbatar da aiki na yau da kullun na injin a zaman banza kuma a yanayin ɗaukar nauyi.Rashin nasarar wannan bangare yana rushe aikin motar ko kuma ya kashe shi gaba daya.Idan an gano rashin aiki, ya kamata a maye gurbin RHX da wuri-wuri, amma kafin sayen sabon sashi, yana da muhimmanci a fahimci zane da aiki na wannan sashin.
Taron magudanar ruwa da wurin RHX a ciki
Nau'i, ƙira da ka'idar aiki na PHX
Duk masu kula da marasa aiki sun ƙunshi manyan abubuwa guda uku: motar motsa jiki, taron bawul, da mai kunna bawul.An ɗora PX a cikin tashoshi na musamman (bypass, bypass), wanda ke ƙetare bawul ɗin maƙura, kuma taron bawul ɗinsa yana sarrafa hanyar wannan tashar (yana daidaita diamita daga cikakken ƙulli zuwa cikakken buɗewa) - wannan shine yadda isar da iskar gas zuwa ga mai karɓar kuma ƙara zuwa silinda an daidaita shi.
A tsari, PXX na iya bambanta sosai, a yau ana amfani da nau'ikan waɗannan na'urori uku:
● Axial (axial) tare da bawul na conical kuma tare da kai tsaye;
● Radial (L-dimbin yawa) tare da bawul na conical ko T-dimbin yawa tare da tuƙi ta hanyar tsutsa;
● Tare da bawul ɗin sashe (bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido) tare da tuƙi kai tsaye.
Axial PXX tare da bawul na conical an fi amfani dashi a cikin motocin fasinja masu ƙananan injuna (har zuwa lita 2).Tushen zane shine motar motsa jiki, tare da axis na na'ura mai juyi wanda aka yanke zaren - an zare gubar gubar a cikin wannan zaren, yana aiki azaman sanda, kuma yana ɗauke da bawul ɗin mazugi.Gubar dunƙule tare da na'ura mai juyi yana samar da bawul actuator - lokacin da na'ura mai juyi juya, kara kara ko retracts da bawul.Wannan duka tsarin yana rufe a cikin akwati na filastik ko ƙarfe tare da flange don hawa akan taron ma'amala (ana iya yin shigarwa tare da sukurori ko ƙugiya, amma ana amfani da hawan varnish sau da yawa - mai sarrafa yana manne kawai ga jikin taron matsewa tare da na musamman. varnish).A bayan shari'ar akwai daidaitaccen mai haɗa wutar lantarki don haɗawa da na'urar sarrafa injin lantarki (ECU) da samar da wuta.
No-load regulator tare da kai tsaye bawu mai tushe drive
Ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin tuƙi trapezoid ga axle tare da mai zaman kanta dakatar, a zahiri amfani daya taye sanda a kasu kashi uku - shi ake kira dismembered sanda.Yin amfani da sandar ƙulle da aka yanke yana hana karkatar da ƙafafu masu tuƙi a lokacin da suke tuƙi a kan kututturen hanya saboda girman juzu'i daban-daban na ƙafafun dama da hagu.Trapezoid kanta za a iya located a gaba da kuma bayan axle na ƙafafun, a cikin na farko yanayin shi ne ake kira gaba, a cikin na biyu - na baya (don haka kada ka yi tunanin cewa "rear tuƙi trapezoid" shi ne wani tuƙi kaya located a kan. gatari na baya na motar).
A cikin tsarin tuƙi da ke kan tuƙi, sanduna biyu kawai ake amfani da su - karkata dama da hagu don fitar da ƙafafun dama da hagu, bi da bi.A zahiri, wannan tuƙi trapezoid ne tare da tsattsauran sanda a tsaye tare da hinge a tsakiya - wannan bayani yana sauƙaƙa ƙirar tuƙi, yana haɓaka amincinsa.Sandunan wannan injin koyaushe suna da ƙirar ƙira, sassan waje galibi ana kiran su tuƙi.
Za a iya raba sandunan ɗaure zuwa rukuni biyu bisa ga yiwuwar canza tsayinsu:
● Ba a tsara shi ba - sanduna guda ɗaya waɗanda ke da tsayin da aka ba su, ana amfani da su a cikin tuƙi tare da wasu sanduna masu daidaitawa ko wasu sassa;
● Daidaitacce - sanduna masu haɗaka, waɗanda, saboda wasu sassa, na iya canza tsayin su cikin ƙayyadaddun iyaka don daidaita kayan tuƙi.
A ƙarshe, ana iya raba sanduna zuwa rukuni da yawa bisa ga cancantar su - na motoci da manyan motoci, na motoci masu tutiya da maras amfani, da dai sauransu.
Radial (L-dimbin yawa) PXX suna da kusan aikace-aikacen iri ɗaya, amma suna iya aiki da injuna masu ƙarfi.Hakanan suna dogara ne akan injin stepper, amma akan gadar rotor (armature) akwai tsutsotsi, wanda tare da kayan aikin counter, yana jujjuya magudanar ruwa da digiri 90.An haɗa tuƙi mai tushe zuwa kayan aiki, wanda ke tabbatar da tsawo ko ja da baya na bawul.Wannan duka tsarin yana cikin gidaje masu siffa L tare da abubuwan hawa da daidaitaccen mai haɗa wutar lantarki don haɗawa da ECU.
Ana amfani da PXX tare da bawul ɗin sashe (damper) akan injuna masu girman girman motoci, SUVs da manyan motocin kasuwanci.Tushen na'urar ita ce motar motsa jiki tare da kafaffen armature, a kusa da abin da stator tare da maganadisu na dindindin na iya juyawa.An yi stator a cikin nau'i na gilashi, an shigar da shi a cikin ɗaki kuma an haɗa shi kai tsaye zuwa ɓangaren ɓangaren - farantin da ke toshe taga tsakanin bututun shigarwa da fitarwa.RHX na wannan zane an yi shi ne a cikin akwati guda tare da bututu, wanda aka haɗa da taron magudanar ruwa da mai karɓa ta hanyar hoses.Hakanan akan lamarin akwai daidaitaccen haɗin wutar lantarki.
Duk da bambance-bambancen ƙira, duk PHX suna da ƙa'idar aiki iri ɗaya ta asali.A lokacin da aka kunna wuta (nan da nan kafin fara injin), ana karɓar sigina daga ECU zuwa RX don rufe bawul ɗin gaba ɗaya - wannan shine yadda aka saita ma'aunin sifili na mai sarrafawa, daga abin da ƙimar ƙimar Sannan ana auna bude tashar kewayawa.An saita ma'anar sifili don gyara yuwuwar lalacewa na bawul da wurin zama, kulawar cikakken rufewar bawul ɗin ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar na yanzu a cikin kewayen PXX (lokacin da aka sanya bawul ɗin a cikin wurin zama, halin yanzu yana ƙaruwa) ko ta wasu na'urori masu auna firikwensin.ECU sannan ta aika siginar bugun bugun jini zuwa motar PX stepper, wanda ke juyawa a kusurwa ɗaya ko wani don buɗe bawul.An ƙididdige matakin buɗe bawul ɗin a cikin matakan injin lantarki, adadin su ya dogara da ƙirar XXX da algorithms da aka saka a cikin ECU.Yawancin lokaci, lokacin da aka fara injin da injin unheated, bawul ɗin yana buɗewa a matakai 240-250, kuma akan injin dumi, bawuloli na nau'ikan samfura daban-daban suna buɗe matakan 50-120 (wato, har zuwa 45-50% na tashar giciye-sashe).A daban-daban na wucin gadi halaye da kuma a m lodi engine, bawul iya bude a cikin dukan kewayon daga 0 zuwa 240-250 matakai.
Wato, a lokacin fara injin, RHX yana ba da ƙarfin da ake buƙata na iskar ga mai karɓa don yin aiki na yau da kullun (a cikin saurin ƙasa da rpm 1000) don dumama shi da shigar da yanayin al'ada.Bayan haka, lokacin da direba ya sarrafa injin ta hanyar amfani da accelerator (gas fedal), PHX yana rage yawan iskar da ke shiga tashar wucewa har sai an kashe shi gaba daya.Injin ECU koyaushe yana lura da matsayin bawul ɗin maƙura, adadin iskar da ke shigowa, yawan iskar oxygen a cikin iskar gas, saurin crankshaft da sauran halaye, kuma dangane da waɗannan bayanan suna sarrafa mai sarrafa saurin gudu, a cikin duk injin. Yanayin aiki yana tabbatar da mafi kyawun abun da ke ciki na cakuda mai ƙonewa.
Da'irar daidaitawar isar da iskar ta mai sarrafa saurin gudu
Batutuwa na zaɓi da maye gurbin mai sarrafa saurin aiki
Matsaloli tare da XXX suna bayyana ta hanyar sifa mai aiki na naúrar wutar lantarki - saurin aiki mara ƙarfi ko tasha ba tare da bata lokaci ba a ƙananan gudu, ikon fara injin kawai tare da danna sau da yawa na feda gas, kazalika da haɓaka saurin aiki a kan injin dumi. .Idan irin waɗannan alamun sun bayyana, yakamata a bincikar mai sarrafa daidai da umarnin gyaran abin hawa.
A kan motoci ba tare da tsarin binciken kai na XXX ba, ya kamata ka yi rajistan hannu na mai sarrafawa da da'irorin wutar lantarki - ana yin wannan ta amfani da gwajin al'ada.Don duba da'irar wutar lantarki, wajibi ne a auna ƙarfin wutar lantarki a cikin firikwensin lokacin da kunnawa ke kunne, kuma don bincika firikwensin da kansa, kuna buƙatar buga iskar injinsa na lantarki.A kan motocin da ke da tsarin bincike na XXX, ya zama dole a karanta lambobin kuskure ta amfani da na'urar daukar hotan takardu ko kwamfuta.A kowane hali, idan an gano rashin aiki na RHX, dole ne a maye gurbinsa.
Sai kawai waɗancan masu mulki waɗanda za su iya aiki tare da wannan ƙayyadaddun taron magudanar ruwa da ECU ya kamata a zaɓa don maye gurbinsu.An zaɓi PHX da ake buƙata ta lambar kasida.A wasu lokuta, yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da analogues, amma yana da kyau kada a yi irin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen tare da motoci a ƙarƙashin garanti.
Ana yin maye gurbin PXX daidai da umarnin don gyara motar.Yawancin lokaci, wannan aikin yana zuwa zuwa matakai da yawa:
1.De-ƙarfafa tsarin lantarki na mota;
2.Cire mai haɗa wutar lantarki daga mai sarrafawa;
3. Rage RHX ta hanyar kwance sukurori biyu ko fiye (kullun);
4.Clean wurin shigarwa na mai sarrafawa;
5.Shigar da haɗa sabon PXX, yayin da kuke buƙatar amfani da abubuwan rufewa da aka haɗa (zoben roba ko gaskets).
A wasu motoci, yana iya zama dole don wargaza wasu abubuwa - bututu, gidaje masu tace iska, da sauransu.
Idan an shigar da RHX a kan mota tare da varnish, to, dole ne ku cire duk taron ma'auni, kuma sanya sabon mai kula da varnish na musamman da aka saya daban.Don shigar da na'urori tare da damper na yanki, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da sababbin maƙala don gyara hoses akan bututu.
Tare da zaɓin da ya dace da shigarwa, RHX zai fara aiki nan da nan, yana tabbatar da aiki na yau da kullun na injin a kowane yanayi.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-26-2023