A yawancin motoci na zamani da kayan aiki na musamman, wurin tsayawar kaho na gargajiya a cikin nau'i na sanda yana shagaltar da masu shayarwa na musamman (ko maɓuɓɓugan iskar gas).Karanta komai game da masu ɗaukar kaho, manufar su, nau'ikan da ke akwai da fasalulluka na ƙira, kiyayewa da gyarawa a cikin labarin.
Manufar hood shock absorber
A cikin motocin zamani da sauran kayan aiki, ana ba da kulawa mafi mahimmanci ga amincin ɗan adam yayin aiki da kulawa.Sabbin sabbin kayan aikin da ke tabbatar da aminci da dacewa a cikin kulawa da gyaran kayan aiki sun haɗa da nau'ikan abubuwan girgiza (tasha gas) na kaho.An fara shigar da wannan sassa mai sauƙi akan motoci, tarakta, kayan aiki na musamman da na'urori daban-daban kwanan nan, amma ya riga ya sami karɓuwa kuma, mai yiwuwa, a nan gaba gaba ɗaya zai maye gurbin tsayawa mara kyau kuma ba abin dogaro sosai ba.
Mai ɗaukar kaho ko, kamar yadda ake kira da yawa, tasha iskar gas na'ura ce don buɗewa / rufe murfin da kiyaye ta a buɗe.Wannan bangare yana magance matsaloli da yawa:
- Taimakawa wajen buɗe murfin - tsayawa yana ɗaga murfin, don haka mai mota ko makanikin ba dole ba ne ya yi ƙoƙari ya ja hannuwansa sama;
- Buɗewa da rufewa ba tare da girgiza ba - mai ɗaukar hoto yana hana girgiza da ke faruwa a cikin matsanancin matsayi na kaho;
- Amintaccen riƙe murfin a cikin buɗaɗɗen matsayi.
Bugu da ƙari, mai ɗaukar girgiza yana kare murfin kanta da madaidaicin rufewa da sassan jiki daga nakasar da za ta iya faruwa yayin tasiri.Sabili da haka, kasancewar hood shock absorber yana ƙara rayuwar waɗannan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, kuma yana ƙaruwa da sauƙi na aiki, kulawa da gyaran motocin sanye take da shi.
Nau'i da ka'ida na aiki na hood shock absorbers (gas springs)
Ya kamata a ce nan da nan cewa duk masu ɗaukar kaho da ake amfani da su a yau sune maɓuɓɓugan iskar gas, iri ɗaya a cikin ƙira da ƙa'idar aiki zuwa maɓuɓɓugan iskar gas (ko iskar gas).Duk da haka, a cikin fasaha, ba kamar samar da kayan aiki ba, ana amfani da nau'i biyu na masu shayarwa:
- Gas (ko pneumatic) tare da damping mai ƙarfi;
- Gas-man (ko hydropneumatic) tare da damping hydraulic.
Ana shirya masu ɗaukar iskar gas a sauƙaƙe.Su silinda ne a ciki wanda akwai fistan akan sanda.Fitar sandar daga silinda an rufe ta ta hanyar hermetically tare da taron gland don hana zubar da iskar gas.A cikin ganuwar silinda akwai tashoshi ta hanyar da, a lokacin aiki na abin sha, iskar gas yana gudana daga wannan rami zuwa wani.Silinda ya cika da gas (yawanci nitrogen) a babban matsin lamba.
Ruwan iskar gas yana aiki kamar haka.Lokacin da aka rufe murfin, ana matsawa mai ɗaukar girgiza, sakamakon haka akwai wani ƙarar iskar gas a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba a cikin sararin sama-piston.Lokacin buɗe makullin murfi, matsa lamba na iskar gas a cikin abin girgiza ya wuce nauyin murfin, sakamakon haka ya tashi.A wani lokaci, fistan ya ketare tashoshi na iska wanda iskar gas ke shiga sararin piston, sakamakon haka matsin da ke sama-fistan ya ragu kuma saurin daga kaho ya ragu.Tare da ƙarin motsi, piston yana rufe tashoshi, kuma a saman buɗewar murfin, piston yana tsayawa lafiya tare da sakamakon gas Layer.Lokacin da murfin murfin ya rufe, komai yana faruwa a cikin tsari daban-daban, amma abin da aka fara tunzura murfin murfin yana samuwa ta hannun mutum.
Ana aiwatar da damping mai ƙarfi a cikin abin girgiza iskar gas.Dawawa da saukar da kaho saboda raguwar iskar gas akai-akai yana faruwa a saurin raguwa, kuma a matakin ƙarshe na kaho yana tsayawa da kyau saboda tsayawar piston a cikin iskar "matashin kai".
Maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na Hydropneumatic suna da na'urar iri ɗaya, amma tare da bambanci ɗaya: yana ƙunshe da adadin mai, wanda piston ke nutsar da shi lokacin da aka ɗaga murfin.Ana aiwatar da damping na hydraulic a cikin waɗannan masu ɗaukar girgiza, tunda tasirin murfin lokacin da aka kai matsananciyar matsayi yana kashe shi ta hanyar mai saboda danko.
Hydropneumatic shock absorbers, sabanin pneumatic shock absorbers, ɗaga hular sauri da kuma a aikace ba tare da rage gudu a ko'ina cikin yankin, amma pneumatic shock absorbers yi wani santsi bude tare da ƙasa da karfi a cikin matsananci matsayi.Duk da waɗannan bambance-bambance, a yau duka nau'ikan maɓuɓɓugan iskar gas kusan iri ɗaya ne.
Siffofin ƙira da halayen hood shock absorbers
A tsari, duk masu ɗaukar kaho (maɓuɓɓugan iskar gas ko tasha) iri ɗaya ne.Su silinda ne, daga gefe guda wanda sandar fistan ke fitowa.A ƙarshen rufaffiyar silinda da ƙarshen sanda, ana yin haɗin ƙwallon ƙwallon, tare da taimakon abin da mai ɗaukar hoto ya haɗa da kaho da jiki.Yawancin lokaci, an gina hinges a kan tushen ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa tare da tukwici masu zare, ɓangaren ƙwallon yana riƙe da kulle a kan abin da ya girgiza, kuma tare da taimakon wani ɓangaren zaren da goro, ana saka fil a kan madaidaicin.
Yawancin lokaci, don riƙe kaho, ya isa ya sami mai ɗaukar girgiza guda ɗaya, amma a cikin motoci da yawa, tarakta da sauran kayan aiki masu nauyi masu nauyi, ana amfani da masu ɗaukar girgiza guda biyu a lokaci ɗaya.
Ana aiwatar da shigar da masu ɗaukar girgiza a wani wuri inda, lokacin da sanda ya cika tsayi, an buɗe murfin gabaɗaya.A wannan yanayin, ana aiwatar da yanayin jujjuyawar mai ɗaukar hoto dangane da kaho da jiki gwargwadon nau'in sa:
- Pneumatic (gas) masu ɗaukar girgiza - ana iya shigar da su a kowane matsayi, duka tare da sanda ƙasa (zuwa jiki) da sanda sama (zuwa kaho).Gabatarwa a sararin samaniya ba ya shafar aikin su;
- Hydropneumatic (gas-man) masu shayar da hankali - ya kamata a shigar da su a cikin matsayi na "sanda saukar", tun da yake a cikin wannan yanayin kullun mai zai kasance a kasa na abin da ya faru, wanda ke tabbatar da aikin da ya fi dacewa.
Tsayar da iskar gas na kaho wani sashi ne mai sauƙi, duk da haka, yana buƙatar bin wasu ƙa'idodin aiki da kiyayewa.
Batutuwa na kulawa da gyaran hood shock absorbers
Don tsawaita rayuwar tashar iskar gas, dole ne ku bi wasu shawarwari masu sauƙi:
- Kada ku kawo murfin zuwa saman batu ta hanyar karfi da hannu - murfin ya kamata ya buɗe kawai a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin da mai ɗaukar girgiza ya haifar;
- A cikin lokacin hunturu, kuna buƙatar ɗagawa da rufe murfin a hankali kuma ba tare da jerks ba, kuna taimakawa tare da hannayenku, in ba haka ba akwai haɗarin lalata daskararrun girgiza mai daskarewa;
- Ba a ba da izinin tarwatsa masu shayarwa ba, suna fama da girgiza, zafi mai yawa, da dai sauransu - wannan yana cike da mummunan rauni, tun da akwai iskar gas a cikin matsa lamba a ciki.
A yayin da abin da ya faru na fashewar girgiza, lokacin da aka damu ko ya zubar da man fetur (wanda ya shafi aikinsa), ya kamata a maye gurbin sashi a cikin taron.Lokacin siyan sabon abin sha, ya zama dole don dogara ga shawarwarin masana'anta, amma yana da karbuwa sosai don maye gurbin shi da sassan da ke kama da halaye.Babban abu shi ne cewa mai ɗaukar hoto yana haɓaka isasshen ƙarfi don ɗaga murfin kuma yana da isasshen tsayi.
Maye gurbin kaho shock absorber yana saukowa zuwa kwancewa da ƙarfafa kwayoyi guda biyu, a wasu lokuta yana iya zama dole don maye gurbin braket.Lokacin shigar da sabon abin sha, ya zama dole don biyan buƙatun don daidaitawa, wato, dangane da nau'in, sanya sandar sama ko sandar ƙasa.Kuskuren shigarwa ba a yarda da su ba, saboda wannan zai haifar da rashin aiki mara kyau na mai ɗaukar girgiza kuma ƙara haɗarin rauni lokacin yin aiki a cikin injin injin.
Tare da aikin da ya dace na hood shock absorber kuma tare da gyara daidai, aikin mota, tarakta ko wasu nau'in kayan aiki zai kasance cikin kwanciyar hankali da aminci a kowane yanayi.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-27-2023