Kowace motar zamani tana dauke da injin samar da wutar lantarki da ke samar da wutar lantarki don gudanar da aikin na’urar lantarki a cikin jirgi da dukkan na’urorinsa.Ɗaya daga cikin manyan sassan janareta shine kafaffen stator.Karanta game da abin da janareta stator yake, yadda yake aiki da aiki a cikin wannan labarin.
Manufar injin janareta
A cikin motoci na zamani da sauran ababen hawa, ana amfani da madaidaitan madaukai masu hawa uku tare da zuga kai.Na'urar janareta ta yau da kullun ta ƙunshi kafaffen stator da aka gyara a cikin gidaje, na'ura mai juyi tare da iska mai motsa rai, taron buroshi (bayar da halin yanzu zuwa iskar filin), da naúrar gyarawa.An haɗa dukkan sassan a cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙirar ƙira, wanda aka ɗora akan injin kuma yana da bel ɗin tuƙi daga crankshaft.
Stator wani ƙayyadadden yanki ne na madaidaicin mota wanda ke ɗauke da iska mai aiki.A lokacin aiki na janareta, a cikin iska na stator ne wutar lantarki ta taso, wanda aka canza (gyara) kuma a ciyar da shi zuwa cibiyar sadarwar kan-board.
Mai sarrafa janareta yana da ayyuka da yawa:
• Yana ɗaukar iska mai aiki wanda aka samar da wutar lantarki a ciki;
• Yana aiwatar da aikin sashin jiki don ɗaukar iska mai aiki;
• Yana taka rawar da'irar maganadisu don haɓaka haɓakar iskar iska mai aiki da daidaitaccen rarraba layin maganadisu;
Yana aiki azaman nutse mai zafi - yana kawar da zafi mai yawa daga dumama iska.
Duk stators suna da ainihin ƙira iri ɗaya kuma basu bambanta da nau'ikan iri ba.
Generator stator zane
A tsari, stator ya ƙunshi manyan sassa uku:
• Ƙaƙwalwar zobe;
• Yin aiki da iska (winding);
• Insulation na windings.
An tattara ainihin daga faranti na zobe na ƙarfe tare da tsagi a ciki.An kafa kunshin daga faranti, ana ba da tsauri da ƙarfi na tsarin ta hanyar walda ko riveting.A cikin ainihin, ana yin ramuka don shimfiɗa iska, kuma kowace fitowar karkiya ce (core) don jujjuyawar iska.An tattara ainihin daga faranti tare da kauri na 0.8-1 mm, wanda aka yi da ma'auni na musamman na ƙarfe ko ferroalloys tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin maganadisu.Za a iya samun fins a waje na stator don inganta ɓarkewar zafi, da kuma ramuka daban-daban ko rafukan da za su doki tare da mahalli na janareta.
Masu janareta na zamani uku suna amfani da iska guda uku, ɗaya a kowane lokaci.Ana yin kowane juyi da waya mai ƙera jan ƙarfe na babban ɓangaren giciye (tare da diamita na 0.9 zuwa 2 mm ko fiye), wanda aka sanya shi a cikin wani tsari a cikin tsagi na ainihin.The windings suna da tashoshi daga abin da alternating current aka cire, yawanci adadin fil uku ne ko hudu, amma akwai stators da shida tashoshi (kowanne daga cikin uku windings yana da nasa tashoshi domin yin connections na wani iri ko wani).
A cikin tsagi na tsakiya akwai wani abu mai kariya wanda ke kare kariya daga lalacewa.Hakanan, a cikin wasu nau'ikan stator, ana iya shigar da wedges masu rufewa a cikin tsagi, wanda kuma yana aiki azaman mai gyara jujjuyawar iska.Hakanan za'a iya shigar da taron stator tare da resins epoxy ko varnishes, wanda ke tabbatar da amincin tsarin (hana jujjuyawar juyawa) kuma yana haɓaka kaddarorin sa na lantarki.
An ɗora stator da ƙarfi a cikin gidaje na janareta, kuma a yau ƙirar da aka fi amfani da ita ita ce abin da stator core ke aiki azaman sashin jiki.Ana aiwatar da wannan a sauƙaƙe: an ƙulla stator tsakanin murfin biyu na gidaje na janareta, waɗanda aka ɗora tare da studs - irin wannan "sanwici" yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar ƙirar ƙira tare da ingantaccen sanyaya da sauƙin kulawa.Hakanan zane ya shahara, wanda aka haɗa stator tare da murfin gaba na janareta, kuma murfin baya yana cirewa kuma yana ba da damar yin amfani da rotor, stator da sauran sassa.
Nau'i da halaye na stators
Stators na masu samar da wutar lantarki sun bambanta da lamba da siffar tsagi, makircin shimfidar iska a cikin ramuka, zane-zane na wiringing da halayen lantarki.
Dangane da adadin tsagi don jujjuyawar iska, stators iri biyu ne:
• Tare da ramummuka 18;
• Tare da ramummuka 36.
A yau, ƙirar 36-slot shine mafi yawan amfani da shi, saboda yana samar da mafi kyawun aikin lantarki.Ana iya samun janareta tare da stator tare da tsagi 18 a yau akan wasu motocin gida na farkon sakewa.
Dangane da siffar tsagi, stators na iri uku ne:
• Tare da buɗaɗɗen raƙuman ruwa - ramuka na ɓangaren giciye na rectangular, suna buƙatar ƙarin gyare-gyare na jujjuyawar iska;
• Tare da ƙananan rufaffiyar rufaffiyar (siffa mai siffa) - ramukan suna daɗaɗɗen zuwa sama, don haka ana yin gyaran gyare-gyaren iska ta hanyar shigar da ƙuƙuka ko cambrics (PVC tubes);
• Tare da rufaffiyar rufaffiyar ramuka don windings tare da coils-juya-juya-juya - ramukan suna da hadaddun ɓangaren giciye don shimfiɗa jujjuya ɗaya ko biyu na babban waya mai diamita ko waya a cikin nau'in tef mai faɗi.
Dangane da tsarin shimfidar iska, stators sun kasu kashi uku:
• Tare da madauki (madauki da aka rarraba) kewayawa - ana sanya waya na kowane nau'i a cikin ramuka na tsakiya tare da madaukai (yawanci ana sanya juzu'i ɗaya a cikin haɓakar ragi biyu, jujjuyawar na biyu da na uku ana sanya su a cikin waɗannan ramukan. - don haka iska ta sami canjin da ake buƙata don samar da madaidaicin lokaci uku;
• Tare da da'irar daɗaɗɗen raƙuman raƙuman ruwa - ana sanya waya na kowane motsi a cikin raƙuman ruwa a cikin raƙuman ruwa, yana kewaye su daga wannan gefe zuwa wancan, kuma a cikin kowane tsagi akwai juzu'i biyu na iska guda ɗaya wanda aka nufa a hanya ɗaya;
• Tare da da'irar rarraba raƙuman ruwa - ana kuma shimfiɗa wayar a cikin raƙuman ruwa, amma jujjuyawar iska ɗaya a cikin raƙuman ruwa ana karkatar da su a wurare daban-daban.
Ga kowane nau'i na tari, kowane iska yana da juyi guda shida da aka rarraba akan ainihin.
Ko da kuwa hanyar shimfida waya, akwai tsare-tsare guda biyu don haɗa windings:
• "Tauraro" - a cikin wannan yanayin, ana haɗa nau'i-nau'i a layi daya (ƙarshen dukkanin nau'i na uku suna haɗuwa a daya (sifili), kuma farkon su yana da kyauta;
• "Triangle" - a cikin wannan yanayin, ana haɗa nau'i-nau'i a cikin jerin (farkon iska ɗaya tare da ƙarshen ɗayan).
Lokacin da ake haɗa windings tare da "tauraro", ana lura da mafi girman halin yanzu, ana amfani da wannan kewayawa akan janareta tare da ikon da bai wuce 1000 watts ba, waɗanda ke aiki da inganci a cikin ƙananan gudu.Lokacin haɗa windings tare da "triangle", halin yanzu yana raguwa (sau 1.7 dangane da "tauraro"), duk da haka, janareta tare da irin wannan tsarin haɗin gwiwa suna aiki mafi kyau a manyan iko, kuma mai sarrafa ƙaramin yanki na iya zama. amfani da su windings.
Sau da yawa, maimakon "triangle", ana amfani da da'irar "tauraro biyu", a cikin abin da stator ya kamata ba uku ba, amma shida windings - uku windings suna da alaka da "star", kuma biyu "taurari" suna da alaka da. kaya a layi daya.
Dangane da aiki, don stators, abu mafi mahimmanci shine ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki, iko da ƙimar halin yanzu a cikin iska.Dangane da ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki, stators (da janareta) sun kasu kashi biyu:
• Tare da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na 14 V - don motocin da ke da wutar lantarki na cibiyar sadarwa na 12 V;
• Tare da ƙarfin lantarki a cikin iska na 28 V - don kayan aiki tare da wutar lantarki na cibiyar sadarwa na 24 V.
Janareta yana samar da wutar lantarki mafi girma, tunda babu makawa faɗuwar wutar lantarki ta faru a cikin na'ura mai gyarawa da stabilizer, kuma a ƙofar grid ɗin wutar lantarki, an riga an lura da ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun na 12 ko 24 V.
Yawancin janareta na motoci, tarakta, bas da sauran kayan aiki suna da ƙimar 20 zuwa 60 A, 30-35 A ya isa motoci, 50-60 A na manyan motoci, ana samar da janareta mai yanzu har zuwa 150 ko fiye. don kayan aiki masu nauyi.
Ƙa'idar Aiki na Generator Stator
Aiki na stator da gaba dayan janareta ya dogara ne a kan abin da ya faru na electromagnetic induction - faruwar halin yanzu a cikin madugu da cewa motsi a cikin wani Magnetic filin ko hutawa a cikin wani madadin Magnetic filin.A cikin janareta na motoci, ana amfani da ka'ida ta biyu - mai gudanarwa wanda halin yanzu ya tashi yana hutawa, kuma filin magnetic yana canzawa kullum (juyawa).
Lokacin da injin ya fara, injin janareta ya fara juyawa, a lokaci guda ƙarfin lantarki daga baturi yana ba da iskar sa mai ban sha'awa.Na'ura mai jujjuyawar tana da ginshiƙin ƙarfe da yawa, wanda, lokacin da ake amfani da halin yanzu akan iska, ya zama electromagnet, bi da bi, jujjuyawar na'ura tana ƙirƙirar filin maganadisu.Layukan filin wannan filin sun haɗu da stator da ke kewaye da rotor.Stator core yana rarraba filin maganadisu ta wata hanya, layin ƙarfinsa yana ƙetare jujjuyawar iskoki masu aiki - saboda shigar da wutar lantarki, ana haifar da halin yanzu a cikin su, wanda aka cire daga tashoshi na iska, yana shiga cikin gyarawa, stabilizer da cibiyar sadarwar kan-jirgin.
Tare da karuwa a cikin saurin injin, wani ɓangare na halin yanzu daga iskar da ke aiki ana ciyar da shi zuwa iska mai jujjuyawar filin - don haka janareta ya shiga yanayin tashin hankali kuma baya buƙatar tushen yanzu na ɓangare na uku.
A lokacin aiki, stator na janareta yana fuskantar dumama da nauyin wutar lantarki, kuma yana fuskantar mummunan tasirin muhalli.Tsawon lokaci, wannan na iya haifar da tabarbarewar rufin da ke tsakanin iskar da wutar lantarki.A wannan yanayin, stator yana buƙatar gyara ko maye gurbin gaba ɗaya.Tare da kulawa na yau da kullum da maye gurbin stator na lokaci, janareta zai yi aiki da aminci, yana ba da mota tare da makamashin lantarki.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-24-2023