Mota na zamani wata ci gaba ce ta lantarki tare da dumbin kayan lantarki don dalilai daban-daban.Gudanar da waɗannan na'urori yana dogara ne akan na'urori masu sauƙi - relays electromagnetic.Karanta duk game da relays, nau'ikan su, ƙira da aiki, kazalika da zaɓin daidai da maye gurbin su, a cikin labarin.
Menene Relay electromagnetic?
Relay na lantarki na atomatik wani sinadari ne na tsarin lantarki na abin hawa;Na'urar sarrafa lantarki da ke ba da rufewa da buɗe hanyoyin lantarki lokacin da aka yi amfani da siginar sarrafawa daga abubuwan sarrafawa a kan dashboard ko daga na'urori masu auna firikwensin.
Kowace abin hawa na zamani yana sanye da tsarin lantarki da aka haɓaka, wanda ya haɗa da da yawa, ko ma ɗaruruwan da'irori tare da na'urori daban-daban - fitilu, injin lantarki, na'urori masu auna firikwensin, kayan lantarki, da sauransu. Ba a aiwatar da da'irori kai tsaye daga gaban dashboard, amma ta amfani da abubuwan taimako na nesa - relays na lantarki.
Relays Electromagnetic yana yin ayyuka da yawa:
● Samar da ramut na da'irar wutar lantarki, yana sa ba lallai ba ne a ja manyan wayoyi kai tsaye zuwa dashboard na mota;
● Rarraba madaurin wutar lantarki da na'urorin sarrafa lantarki, inganta aminci da amincin tsarin lantarki na abin hawa;
● Rage tsawon wayoyi na wutar lantarki;
● Sauƙaƙa aiwatar da tsarin kulawa na tsakiya don kayan aikin lantarki na mota - an haɗa relays a cikin ɗaya ko fiye da tubalan da yawancin wutar lantarki ke haɗuwa;
● Wasu nau'ikan relays suna rage matakin kutsewar wutar lantarki da ke faruwa a yayin da ake kunna wutar lantarki.
Relays sassa ne masu mahimmanci na tsarin lantarki na abin hawa, rashin aiki na waɗannan sassa ko gazawarsu yana haifar da asarar aikin na'urorin lantarki guda ɗaya ko duka rukunin kayan lantarki, gami da waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga aikin motar.Saboda haka, ya kamata a maye gurbin kuskuren relays tare da sababbin da wuri-wuri, amma kafin ka je kantin sayar da waɗannan sassa, ya kamata ka fahimci nau'ikan su, zane da halaye.
Relay na mota
Nau'i, ƙira da ka'idar aiki na relays na lantarki
Duk relays na kera, ba tare da la'akari da nau'i da aiki ba, suna da ainihin ƙira iri ɗaya.Relay ya ƙunshi manyan sassa guda uku: electromagnet, armature mai motsi da ƙungiyar sadarwa.Wutar lantarki shine jujjuyawar waya ta tagulla mai enameed na ƙaramin ɓangaren giciye, wanda aka ɗora akan ainihin ƙarfe (Magnetic core).Gabaɗaya armature mai motsi ana yin shi ne ta hanyar faranti mai lebur ko wani sashi mai siffar L, mai rataye sama da ƙarshen na'urar lantarki.Anga yana kan ƙungiyar tuntuɓar da aka yi a cikin nau'i na faranti na roba tare da ɗigon tagulla ko wasu wuraren tuntuɓar juna.Wannan tsarin duka yana kan tushe, a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren wanda akwai daidaitattun lambobin wuka, an rufe shi da filastik ko karfe.
zaneƘa'idar aiki na 4 da 5 fil relays
Hanyar haɗi da ka'idar aiki na relay sun dogara ne akan ka'idoji masu sauƙi.Relay ya kasu kashi biyu - iko da iko.Da'irar sarrafawa ta haɗa da iska ta lantarki, an haɗa shi zuwa tushen wuta (baturi, janareta) da kuma jikin mai sarrafawa wanda ke kan dashboard (maɓalli, canzawa), ko zuwa firikwensin tare da rukunin lamba.Da'irar wutar lantarki ta ƙunshi lambobi ɗaya ko sama da haka, an haɗa su da wutar lantarki da na'urar / da'ira mai sarrafawa.Relay yana aiki kamar haka.Lokacin da aka kashe sarrafawa, da'irar wutar lantarki na lantarki yana buɗewa kuma halin yanzu baya gudana a cikinsa, ana matsi armature na electromagnet daga ainihin ta hanyar bazara, lambobin sadarwa suna buɗewa.Lokacin da ka danna maɓalli ko maɓalli, wani halin yanzu yana gudana ta hanyar iska na lantarki, filin maganadisu ya taso a kusa da shi, wanda ya sa armature ya zama abin sha'awa ga ainihin.Armature yana dogara ne akan lambobin sadarwa kuma yana canza su, yana tabbatar da rufewar hanyoyin (ko kuma, akasin haka, buɗewa a cikin yanayin rufaffiyar lambobin sadarwa) - na'urar ko kewayawa an haɗa ta zuwa tushen wutar lantarki kuma ta fara aiwatar da ayyukanta.Lokacin da aka kashe wutar lantarki na lantarki, armature ya koma matsayinsa na asali a ƙarƙashin aikin bazara, yana kashe na'urar / da'ira.
Relays na lantarki ya kasu kashi da yawa bisa ga adadin lambobin sadarwa, nau'in sauyawar lamba, hanyar shigarwa da halayen lantarki.
Dangane da adadin lambobin sadarwa, duk relays sun kasu kashi biyu:
● fil hudu;
● Fita biyar.
A cikin relay na nau'in farko akwai lambobi 4 kawai na wuka, a cikin relay na nau'in na biyu an riga an sami lambobin sadarwa 5.A cikin duk relays, ana shirya lambobin sadarwa a cikin wani tsari, wanda ke kawar da shigar da ba daidai ba na wannan na'urar a cikin mating block.Bambanci tsakanin 4-pin da 5-pin relays shine yadda ake kunna da'irori.
Relay 4-pin shine na'ura mafi sauƙi wanda ke ba da sauyawa na da'ira ɗaya kawai.Abokan hulɗa suna da manufa mai zuwa:
● Lambobi biyu na da'irar sarrafawa - tare da taimakonsu, ana haɗa wutar lantarki na lantarki;
● Lambobi biyu na da'irar wutar lantarki da aka canza - ana amfani da su don haɗa kewaye ko na'ura zuwa wutar lantarki.Waɗannan lambobin sadarwa za su iya kasancewa a cikin jihohi biyu kawai - "Kunna" (na yanzu yana gudana ta cikin kewaye) da "Kashe" (na yanzu ba ya gudana ta cikin kewaye).
Relay 5-pin shine na'urar da ta fi rikitarwa wacce za ta iya canza da'irori biyu lokaci guda.Akwai nau'ikan wannan nau'in relay iri biyu:
● Tare da sauyawa ɗaya kawai daga cikin da'irori biyu;
● Tare da jujjuyawar da'irori guda biyu daidai gwargwado.
A cikin na'urori na nau'in farko, lambobin sadarwa suna da manufa mai zuwa:
● Lambobi biyu na da'irar sarrafawa - kamar yadda a cikin yanayin da ya gabata, an haɗa su da iska na lantarki;
Lambobi uku na da'irar da aka kunna.Anan, fil ɗaya ana raba, sauran biyun kuma suna haɗe zuwa da'irori masu sarrafawa.A irin wannan relay, lambobin sadarwa suna cikin jihohi biyu - ɗaya yawanci rufe (NC), na biyu a buɗe yake (HP).A lokacin aikin relay, ana yin sauyawa tsakanin da'irori biyu.
Relay na mota mai fil huɗu
A cikin na'urori na nau'i na biyu, duk lambobin sadarwa suna cikin jihar HP, don haka lokacin da aka kunna relay, ana kunna ko kashe duka biyun da'irori.
Relays na iya samun ƙarin kashi - mai tsangwama-tsangwama (quenching) resistor ko semiconductor diode wanda aka shigar daidai da jujjuyawar wutar lantarki.Wannan resistor/diode yana iyakance shigar da kai halin yanzu na iska na lantarki lokacin amfani da cire wutar lantarki daga gare ta, wanda ke rage matakin tsangwama na lantarki da ke haifar da shi.Irin wannan relays ɗin yana da iyakacin amfani don sauya wasu da'irori na tsarin lantarki na mota, amma a mafi yawan lokuta ana iya maye gurbinsu da relays na yau da kullun ba tare da mummunan sakamako ba.
Ana iya hawa kowane nau'in relays ta hanyoyi biyu:
● Shigarwa kawai a cikin shingen ƙididdiga - na'urar tana riƙe da ƙarfin juzu'i na lambobin sadarwa a cikin kwasfa na kushin;
● Shigarwa a cikin shingen ƙididdiga tare da gyare-gyare tare da madauri - filastik ko madaidaicin karfe don dunƙule an yi a kan gidan relay.
Ana shigar da na'urori na nau'in farko a cikin relay da akwatunan fuse, ana kiyaye su daga faɗuwa ta hanyar murfi ko matsi na musamman.An tsara na'urori na nau'i na biyu don shigarwa a cikin injin injin ko a wani wuri na mota a waje da naúrar, an samar da amincin shigarwa ta hanyar sashi.
Ana samun relays na lantarki don samar da wutar lantarki na 12 da 24 V, manyan halayen su sune:
● Ƙimar wutar lantarki (yawanci ƴan volts a ƙasa da ƙarfin wutar lantarki);
● Saki ƙarfin lantarki (yawanci 3 ko fiye da volts kasa da ƙarfin kunnawa);
● Matsakaicin halin yanzu a cikin da'irar da aka canza (zai iya kasancewa daga raka'a zuwa dubun amperes);
● Yanzu a cikin da'irar sarrafawa;
● Juriya mai aiki na iskar wutar lantarki (yawanci bai wuce 100 ohms ba).
Relay da fuse akwatin
Ana amfani da wasu sifofi (watsa wutan lantarki, igiyoyi na lokaci-lokaci) akan gidajen relay, ko kuma wani ɓangare na alamar sa.Har ila yau, a kan yanayin akwai zane-zane na relay da manufar tashoshi (a yawancin lokuta, ana nuna lambobin fil ɗin da suka dace da lambobi bisa ga tsarin tsarin lantarki na musamman motoci).Wannan yana sauƙaƙa sosai wajen zaɓi da maye gurbin relays na lantarki a cikin motar.
Yadda za a zaɓa da maye gurbin na'urar ba da sanda ta lantarki
Motoci suna fuskantar manyan lodin lantarki da na inji, don haka suna kasawa lokaci-lokaci.Rushewar relay yana bayyana ta hanyar gazawar kowane na'ura ko da'irori na tsarin lantarki na mota.Don kawar da rashin aiki, dole ne a tarwatsa relay kuma a duba (aƙalla tare da ohmmeter ko bincike), kuma idan an gano lalacewa, maye gurbin shi da sabon.
Dole ne sabon gudun ba da sanda ya zama nau'i ɗaya da ƙira kamar yadda aka yi amfani da shi a baya.Dole ne na'urar ta dace da yanayin halayen lantarki (samar da wutar lantarki, kunnawa da ƙarfin fitarwa, halin yanzu a cikin kewaye) da adadin lambobin sadarwa.Idan akwai resistor ko diode a cikin tsohon gudun ba da sanda, yana da kyawawa cewa sun kasance a cikin sabon daya.Ana yin musanyawar relay ta hanyar cire tsohon ɓangaren kawai da shigar da sabo a wurinsa;Idan an samar da madaidaicin, to dole ne a cire dunƙule/kulle ɗaya kuma a ɗaure shi.Tare da zaɓin da ya dace da maye gurbin na'urar, kayan lantarki na motar za su fara aiki nan da nan
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-14-2023