Shafts da ke fitowa daga sassan watsawa da sauran hanyoyin mota na iya haifar da yabo da gurbataccen mai - ana magance wannan matsala ta hanyar shigar da hatimin mai.Karanta duk game da hatimin tuƙi, rarrabuwar su, ƙira da aiwatarwa, kazalika da zaɓin daidai da maye gurbin hatimi a cikin labarin.
Menene hatimin man tuƙi?
Hatimin mai hatimi (cuff) - wani nau'in rufewa na raka'a daban-daban da tsarin motocin;wani ɓangaren haɗaɗɗen zobe wanda ke tabbatar da hatimin ramuka, bearings da sauran sassa masu jujjuyawa a wuraren fitowar su daga jikin naúrar.
A cikin kowace mota, tarakta da sauran kayan aiki akwai raka'a da kuma hanyoyin, daga jikin wanda ke fitowa daga raƙuman juyawa - gearboxes, gearboxes, fan drives da sauransu.Yawancin lokaci akwai mai ko wani mai mai a cikin waɗannan raka'a, kuma ramin ramin na iya haifar da asara da gurɓataccen mai.Matsala ta rufe hanyar fita daga raƙuman juyawa a waje da gidaje na raka'a an warware su tare da taimakon abubuwa na musamman - hatimi (cuffs) na drive.
Hatimin mai yana yin ayyuka da yawa:
● Rigakafin yatsan mai da asarar sauran mai mai daga jikin naúrar ko inji;
● Kariya na tsarin daga ruwa, ƙura da manyan gurɓatattun abubuwa;
● Kare mai mai daga gurɓatawar shaye-shaye da sauran iskar gas.
Rashin mutunci ko asarar hatimin mai yana haifar da ɗimbin ɗigon mai da gurɓacewarsa, wanda nan gaba kadan zai iya haifar da rushewar sashin gabaɗaya.Don hana wannan, dole ne a maye gurbin tsohuwar hanya ko hatimin tuƙi mara kyau a kan lokaci.Don daidaitaccen zaɓi da maye gurbin abubuwan rufewa, yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar nau'ikan da suke da su, ƙira da zartarwa.
Tsarin hatimin tuƙi na yau da kullun
Nau'i, ƙira da fasalulluka na hatimin tuƙi
An yi duk hatimin mai a cikin nau'i na zobe tare da bayanin martaba U-dimbin yawa, wanda saman uku ya fito:
● Na ciki ko aiki - ya ƙunshi gefuna masu aiki, wannan farfajiya na hatimin man fetur yana dogara ne akan shaft;
● Na waje - santsi ko tsagi, wannan saman hatimin mai yana hulɗa da jikin sashin;
Ƙarshe - yawanci lebur, wannan saman yana daidai da jikin naúrar.
An shigar da cuff a cikin wurin zama a cikin jikin naúrar (akwatin hatimin mai) kuma yana dogara a kan shaft, saboda zane, an tabbatar da mannewa a jikin jiki da shaft, wanda ya kai ga hatimi.
An raba hatimin mai zuwa nau'ikan iri daban-daban bisa ga kasancewar / rashi na abubuwa daban-daban da fasali na aiki.
Da farko dai, an raba hatimin mai zuwa iri biyu ta hanyar ƙira:
● Ba shi da tsari;
● Tare da firam ɗin ƙarfafawa.
Ƙirar hatimi mara ƙarfi tare da bazara
Gine-gine da ma'auni na asali na ƙarfafa hatimin mai tare da bazara
Ana yin hatimin mai na nau'in farko a cikin nau'i na zobe na roba na roba, a kan saman ciki wanda aka kafa gefuna masu aiki.A matsayin ma'auni, ana ba da gefuna biyu masu aiki a cikin hatimin mai - gaba da baya, amma lambar su na iya kaiwa hudu.A cikin zoben akwai maɓuɓɓugar murɗa mai naɗe da aka yi birgima a cikin zobe, wanda ke ba da madaidaicin manne hatimin mai zuwa ramin.
Seals na nau'i na biyu sun fi rikitarwa - a cikin zobe akwai wani ƙarfe mai ƙarfafa ƙarfe na nau'i ɗaya ko wani.Mafi sau da yawa, firam ɗin yana da madaidaiciya (farantin da aka yi birgima cikin zobe) ko bayanin martaba mai siffar L, amma akwai hatimin mai tare da firam ɗin bayanin martaba mai rikitarwa.In ba haka ba, sassan da aka ƙarfafa suna kama da waɗanda ba a ƙarfafa su ba.
Hatimin mai tare da firam ɗin ƙarfafawa an kasu kashi uku na tsari:
● Tare da rufaffiyar firam;
● Tare da firam ɗin da aka fallasa;
● Tare da dandali.
A cikin zane na nau'in farko, firam ɗin yana cikin gaba ɗaya a cikin zoben roba na hatimin mai, ko zoben ya rufe gaba ɗaya kawai saman firam ɗin.A cikin akwati na biyu, zoben yana rufe ƙarshen da ɓangaren ɓangaren waje na firam, kuma a cikin akwati na uku, firam ɗin yana kusan buɗewa gaba ɗaya.An ƙara shigar da hatimai tare da firam ɗin ƙarfafawa gabaɗaya da ƙarfi a wurin zama, tunda suna kan jikin ƙarfe na rukunin tare da zoben ƙarfe.Ko da yake irin waɗannan hatimi suna ba da mafi munin hatimi, wanda ya sa ya zama dole don amfani da maƙala ko ƙarin sassa.
Za a iya yin zobe na roba na kowane nau'in hatimin mai na nau'ikan nau'ikan roba na roba - acrylate, rubber fluoro, butadiene-nitrile, silicone (organosilicon) da sauransu.Waɗannan kayan suna da juriya mara daidaituwa ga high da ƙananan yanayin zafi da man shafawa, amma suna da kusan madaidaitan juzu'i iri ɗaya akan ƙarfin ƙarfe da injina.
Hatimin tuƙi na iya samun ƙarin abubuwa daban-daban:
● Anther wani ɗan ƙarami ne a gaban zoben wanda ke hana manyan gurɓata (dutse, zaren, guntu, da sauransu) shiga cikin hatimin mai.Ana iya danna anther a kan ramin saboda nasa nasa ko kuma tare da taimakon ƙarin naɗaɗɗen bazara;
● Ƙarƙashin waje na waje - tsangwama na siffa mai sauƙi ko hadaddun, wanda ke inganta dacewa da hatimin man fetur kuma yana hana zubar da man fetur a cikin sauri da kuma lokacin da zafin jiki ya tashi;
● Hydrodynamic knurling da notches a kan ciki (aiki) saman.An yi amfani da tsintsiyar tsintsaye a wani kusurwa zuwa kusurwar hatimin mai, yana hana zubewar mai a cikin babban magudanar ruwa.Ana iya yin notches a kan gaba ɗaya saman ciki, ko a cikin nau'i na zobe da yawa akan saman aiki da gefuna na aiki.
An raba hatimin mai zuwa rukuni biyu a cikin jujjuyawar shaft:
● Don shafts tare da madaidaiciyar shugabanci na juyawa;
● Don sanduna tare da jujjuyawar juyawa.
Hatimi don dalilai daban-daban sun bambanta da nau'in knurling ko notches akan farfajiyar aiki.A cikin hatimin mai don shafts tare da madaidaiciyar shugabanci na juyawa, an yi knurling a cikin nau'i na ƙyanƙyashe wanda aka kai shi gefe ɗaya, don haka irin waɗannan sassan suna tare da "dama" da "hagu" knurlings (notches).A cikin jujjuyawar omentums, darajan zigzag ne ko fiye da siffa.
Tsarin kaset
A ƙarshe, hatimin tuƙi iri biyu ne ta fuskar kariya:
● Na al'ada (misali);
● Kaset.
Hatimin mai na al'ada suna da ƙirar da aka kwatanta a sama.Ana yin hatimin kaset a cikin nau'i na zobba guda biyu da aka saka ɗaya a cikin ɗayan (zobe na waje yana dogara ne akan jikin naúrar kuma yana kan shaft, zobe na ciki yana dogara a kan waje kuma wani ɓangare yana dogara akan shaft) - wannan zane yana jurewa. gagarumin lodi na inji kuma yana ba da kariya mafi kyau daga shigar da gurɓataccen abu.Ana amfani da hatimin kaset akan raka'a da ke aiki a cikin yanayin ƙura da ƙazanta.
A ƙarshe, mun lura cewa a cikin motoci, tarakta da sauran kayan aiki, ana amfani da hatimi daban-daban don manufarsu: Semi-axles na ƙafafun, gearbox shafts da gearboxes, fan drive shafts da sauransu.Amma yawancin sassan suna cikin watsawa, wanda aka samo sunan su.
Yadda za a zaɓa da maye gurbin hatimin man tuƙi
Abubuwan hatimin tuƙi suna fuskantar manyan lodi, wanda a kan lokaci yana haifar da lalacewa, lalacewa ko cikakkiyar lalata hatimin.Lokacin da ɗigon mai ya bayyana, dole ne a maye gurbin hatimin mai, in ba haka ba yawan man zai karu kuma haɗarin kamuwa da shi zai karu, wanda gaba ɗaya yana ƙara ƙarfin lalacewa na sassan naúrar.Har ila yau, dole ne a canza hatimin mai a kan haɓaka albarkatu - yawancin lokaci ana nuna shi ta hanyar kera naúrar.
Waɗannan nau'ikan da nau'ikan hatimin mai waɗanda aka shigar a baya kuma masana'anta suka ba da shawarar (wanda aka ƙaddara ta lambar ɓangaren a cikin kasida ta asali) yakamata a yi amfani da su don maye gurbin.A wasu lokuta, ya halatta a yi amfani da maye gurbin, amma wannan ya kamata a yi shi da hankali tare da la'akari da nau'o'in cuffs don dalilai daban-daban.Alal misali, hatimin ƙananan axles na drive axles dole ne su kasance suna da ƙima mai jujjuyawa (knurling), in ba haka ba nan da nan bayan shigar da su za a sami ɗigon mai a wasu hanyoyin tuki ko ɗigowa akai-akai saboda rashin aiki na hatimin.A gefe guda, ba ma'ana ba ne a sanya cuff mai juyawa a kan fan, tun da kullun da aka hatimce yana jujjuya ta hanya ɗaya.
Dole ne a aiwatar da maye gurbin hatimin tuƙi daidai da umarnin don gyarawa da kula da abin hawa.Wannan aikin na iya buƙatar ƙaddamarwa mai mahimmanci na sashin da aka gyara, don haka yana da kyau a amince da shi ga kwararru.Lokacin maye gurbin hatimin da kanka, wajibi ne a bi shawarwarin da aka bayar a cikin umarnin, in ba haka ba akwai babban haɗari na lalata sashin ko shigar da shi ba daidai ba.Ana iya yin la'akari da tsohuwar cuff tare da screwdriver na yau da kullum ko wani abu mai nunawa, amma wannan dole ne a yi shi a hankali don kada ya lalata saman akwati da shaft.Shigar da sabon hatimi ya fi kyau a yi tare da taimakon maɓalli na musamman wanda ke tabbatar da nutsewar hatimin mai a cikin akwatin hatimin mai.Kafin shigarwa, an lubricated cuff tare da mai mai.A cikin lokuta inda aka yi amfani da hatimi tare da firam ɗin ƙarfafawa ko wani ɓangaren da aka fallasa, ya zama dole a bi da wurin tuntuɓar firam tare da jikin naúrar tare da abin rufewa.Bayan yin aikin, ya zama dole don ƙara man fetur zuwa crankcase na naúrar.
Tare da madaidaiciyar zaɓi da maye gurbin hatimin tuƙi, ƙungiyar za ta dogara da aikinta, aikinta ba zai dame shi ta hanyar ɗigo da gurɓataccen mai a kowane yanayin aiki ba.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-06-2023