Gilashin da ke fitowa daga sassan watsawa da sauran hanyoyin mota na iya haifar da zubar da gurbataccen man fetur - ana magance wannan matsala ta hanyar shigar da hatimin mai.Karanta duk game da hatimin fitar da mai, rarrabuwar su, ƙira da kuma amfani da su, kazalika da zaɓi na daidai da maye gurbin hatimi a cikin labarin.
Menene hatimin mai?
Hatimin mai (cuff) wani nau'i ne na hatimi na raka'a daban-daban da tsarin abubuwan hawa;Bangaren shekara-shekara wanda ke rufe ramummuka, bearings da sauran sassa masu jujjuyawa a wuraren fitowarsu daga rukunin rukunin.
A cikin kowace mota, tarakta da sauran kayan aiki akwai raka'a da kuma hanyoyin, daga jikin wanda ke fitowa daga raƙuman juyawa - gearboxes, gearboxes, fan drives da sauransu.Yawancin lokaci, akwai mai ko wani maiko a cikin waɗannan raka'a, kuma ramin ramin na iya haifar da asara da gurɓataccen mai.Ayyukan rufewa na fitarwa na jujjuyawar ramuka a waje da gidaje na raka'a an warware su tare da taimakon abubuwa na musamman - man fetur (cuffs) na drive.
Hatimin mai yana yin ayyuka da yawa:
● Rigakafin yatsan mai da asarar sauran mai mai daga jikin naúrar ko inji;
● Kariya na tsarin daga shigar da ruwa, ƙura da manyan ƙazantattun abubuwa;
● Kare mai mai daga gurɓatawar shaye-shaye da sauran iskar gas.
Cin mutunci ko asarar hatimin mai yana haifar da raguwar mai da gurɓataccen mai, wanda nan gaba kadan zai iya haifar da lahani ga duka rukunin.Don hana wannan, dole ne a maye gurbin hatimin man tuƙi wanda ya ƙare ko mara kyau a kan lokaci.Don daidaitaccen zaɓi da maye gurbin abubuwan rufewa, yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar nau'ikan da suke da su, ƙira da zartarwa.
Nau'o'i, ƙira da fasali na hatimin mai tuƙi
An yi duk hatimin mai a cikin nau'i na zobe tare da bayanin martaba U-dimbin yawa, wanda saman uku ya fito:
● Na ciki ko aiki - ya ƙunshi gefuna masu aiki, hatimin man fetur yana kan shinge tare da wannan farfajiya;
● A waje - santsi ko corrugated, wannan saman hatimin mai yana hulɗa da jikin sashin;
Ƙarshe - yawanci lebur, wannan saman yana daidai da jikin naúrar.
An shigar da cuff a cikin wurin zama a cikin jikin naúrar (akwatin kaya) kuma yana dogara a kan shaft, saboda zane, an tabbatar da matsananciyar matsa lamba ga jiki da shaft, wanda ke samun hatimi.
An raba hatimin mai zuwa nau'ikan iri daban-daban bisa ga kasancewar / rashi na abubuwa daban-daban da fasali na aiki.
Da farko dai, hatimin mai ya kasu kashi biyu bisa ga tsarinsu:
● Ba shi da tsari;
● Tare da firam ɗin ƙarfafawa.
Ana yin hatimin mai na nau'in farko a cikin nau'i na zobe na roba da aka yi da roba roba, a kan saman ciki wanda aka kafa gefuna masu aiki.A matsayin misali, akwai gefuna masu aiki guda biyu a cikin hatimin mai - gaba da baya, amma lambar su na iya kaiwa hudu.A cikin zoben akwai wani maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai naɗe da aka yi birgima a cikin zobe, wanda ke ba da matsa lamba na hatimin mai zuwa ramin.
Hatimin mai na nau'in na biyu ya fi rikitarwa - a cikin zobe akwai firam ɗin ƙarfafa ƙarfe na sifa ɗaya ko wani.Mafi sau da yawa, firam ɗin yana da madaidaiciya (farantin da aka yi birgima cikin zobe) ko bayanin martaba mai siffar L, amma akwai hatimin mai tare da firam ɗin bayanin martaba mai rikitarwa.Sauran sassan da aka ƙarfafa suna kama da waɗanda ba a ƙarfafa su ba.
An raba hatimin mai tare da firam ɗin ƙarfafawa zuwa nau'ikan tsari guda uku:
● Tare da rufaffiyar firam;
● Tare da wani ɗan ƙaramin firam;
● Tare da dandali.
A cikin zane na nau'in farko, firam ɗin yana cikin gaba ɗaya a cikin zoben roba na hatimin mai, ko zoben ya rufe gaba ɗaya kawai saman firam ɗin.A cikin akwati na biyu, zobe yana rufe ƙarshen da ɓangaren ɓangaren waje na firam, kuma a cikin na uku, firam ɗin ya kusan buɗe gaba ɗaya.An ƙara shigar da hatimin mai tare da firam ɗin ƙarfafawa gaba ɗaya kuma gaba ɗaya a cikin wurin zama, tunda sun huta da jikin ƙarfe na rukunin tare da zoben ƙarfe.Ko da yake irin waɗannan hatimin mai suna ba da hatimi mafi muni, wanda ke tilasta yin amfani da maƙala ko ƙarin sassa
Tsarin al'ada na hatimin mai tuƙi
Zane na hatimin mai da ba a ƙarfafa shi tare da spring
Zane da babban girman hatimin mai da aka ƙarfafa tare da bazara
Za a iya yin zobe na roba na kowane nau'in hatimin mai na nau'ikan roba na roba - acrylate, fluororubber, nitrile butadiene, silicone (organosilicon) da sauransu.Waɗannan kayan suna da juriya mara daidaituwa ga high da ƙananan yanayin zafi da man shafawa, amma suna da kusan madaidaitan juzu'i iri ɗaya akan ƙarfin ƙarfe da injina.
Rikicin mai na iya samun ƙarin abubuwa daban-daban:
● Anther wani ɗan ƙarami ne a gaban zoben wanda ke hana manyan gurɓata (dutse, zaren, guntu, da sauransu) shiga cikin hatimin mai.Za'a iya danna takalmin a kan ramin saboda girman kansa ko tare da taimakon ƙarin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa;
● Corrugation surface - tsararren siffofi ko hadaddun siffofin, wanda ke inganta fitowar mai kuma lokacin da zazzabi ya tashi;
● Hydrodynamic knurlings da notches a kan ciki (aiki) saman.An yi amfani da tsintsiyar tsintsaye a wani kusurwa zuwa kusurwar hatimin mai, yana hana zubewar mai a cikin babban magudanar ruwa.Ana iya yin notches a duk faɗin ciki, ko a cikin nau'i na zobba da yawa akan farfajiyar aiki da gefuna masu aiki.
An raba hatimin mai zuwa rukuni biyu bisa ga jujjuyawar shaft:
● Don shafts tare da madaidaiciyar shugabanci na juyawa;
● Don sanduna tare da jujjuyawar juyawa.
Hatimi don dalilai daban-daban sun bambanta da nau'in knurling ko notching akan farfajiyar aiki.A cikin hatimin mai don shafts tare da juyawa akai-akai, ana yin knurling a cikin nau'i na ƙyanƙyashe wanda aka nufa a hanya ɗaya, don haka irin waɗannan sassan suna zuwa tare da "dama" da "hagu" knurls (notches).A cikin hatimin mai mai jujjuyawa, darajan shine zigzag ko ƙari a siffa.
A ƙarshe, akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan hatimin tuƙi bisa ga ƙimar kariya:
● Na al'ada (misali);
● Kaset.
Hatimin mai na al'ada suna da ƙirar da aka kwatanta a sama.Ana yin hatimin kaset a cikin nau'i na zobba guda biyu waɗanda aka saka ɗaya a cikin ɗayan (zoben waje yana kan jikin naúrar kuma yana dogara da shaft ɗin, zobe na ciki yana kan waje kuma wani ɓangare yana dogara akan shaft) - wannan ƙirar tana jure wa manyan injiniyoyi. lodi kuma yana ba da mafi kyawun kariya daga shigar gurɓatattun abubuwa.Ana amfani da hatimin kaset akan raka'a da ke aiki cikin yanayin ƙura da ƙazanta.
A ƙarshe, mun lura cewa a cikin motoci, tarakta da sauran kayan aiki, ana amfani da hatimin man fetur na dalilai daban-daban: ƙafafun ƙafafu, akwatunan gearbox da gearboxes, fan drive shafts da sauransu.Amma yawancin sassan suna cikin watsawa, wanda aka samo sunan su.
Tsarin kaset
Yadda za a zaɓa da kuma maye gurbin hatimin man tuƙi daidai
Ana ɗaukar hatimin mai tuƙi zuwa manyan kaya, wanda a kan lokaci ya haifar da lalacewa, lalacewa ko lalata hatimin.Idan ruwan mai ya faru, dole ne a maye gurbin hatimin mai, in ba haka ba amfani da mai zai karu kuma haɗarin kamuwa da cuta yana ƙaruwa, wanda gabaɗaya yana ƙara ƙarfin lalacewa na sassan sashin.Har ila yau, ana buƙatar canza hatimin mai bisa ga ci gaban albarkatun - yawancin lokaci ana nuna shi ta hanyar masana'anta na naúrar.
Waɗannan nau'ikan da nau'ikan hatimin mai waɗanda aka shigar a baya kuma masana'anta suka ba da shawarar (wanda aka ƙaddara ta lambar ɓangaren a cikin kasida ta asali) yakamata a yi amfani da su don maye gurbin.A wasu lokuta, yana halatta a yi amfani da maye gurbin, amma wannan ya kamata a yi shi da hankali tare da la'akari da halaye na cuffs don dalilai daban-daban.Alal misali, hatimin man da ke cikin ramukan axle na tuƙi dole ne ya kasance yana da ƙima mai jujjuyawa (knurling), in ba haka ba nan da nan bayan an shigar da su za a sami ɗigon mai a wasu hanyoyin tuƙi ko ɗigowa akai-akai saboda rashin aiki na hatimin.A gefe guda kuma, ba ma'ana ba ne a sanya cuff ɗin da za a iya jujjuya a kan fanfo, tun da sandar da za a rufe ko da yaushe tana jujjuya zuwa wuri ɗaya.
Dole ne a gudanar da maye gurbin hatimin mai tuƙi daidai da umarnin don gyarawa da kula da abin hawa.Wannan aikin na iya buƙatar ɓata mahimmanci na sashin da ake gyarawa, don haka yana da kyau a amince da shi ga ƙwararru.Lokacin maye gurbin hatimin da kanka, dole ne ku bi shawarwarin da aka bayar a cikin umarnin, in ba haka ba akwai haɗarin lalata sashin ko shigar da shi ba daidai ba.Za a iya yin hutun tsohuwar cuff tare da screwdriver na yau da kullun ko wani abu mai nuni, amma wannan dole ne a yi shi a hankali don kada ya lalata saman jiki da shaft.Yana da kyau a shigar da sabon hatimi ta amfani da maɓalli na musamman wanda ke tabbatar da nutsewar hatimin mai a cikin akwatin gland.Kafin shigarwa, an lubricated cuff tare da mai mai.A cikin lokuta inda aka yi amfani da hatimin mai tare da firam ɗin ƙarfafa danda ko wani ɓangaren fallasa, ya zama dole a bi da wurin tuntuɓar firam ɗin tare da jikin naúrar tare da abin rufewa.Bayan kammala aikin, ya zama dole don ƙara man fetur zuwa crankcase na naúrar.
Tare da zaɓin da ya dace da maye gurbin hatimin man tuƙi, ƙungiyar za ta yi aikinta da aminci, aikinta ba zai damu ba ta hanyar ɗigogi da gurɓataccen mai a kowane yanayin aiki.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-13-2023