Al'ada aiki na engine zai yiwu ne kawai idan crankshaft ba shi da wani gagarumin axial gudun hijira - koma baya.Matsayin kwanciyar hankali na shaft yana samar da sassa na musamman - tura rabin zobba.Karanta game da crankshaft rabin zobba, nau'ikan su, ƙira, zaɓi da maye gurbin su a cikin wannan labarin.
Menene goyon bayan crankshaft rabin zobe?
Na'urar firikwensin man fetur wani abu ne mai mahimmanci na kayan aiki da na'urorin ƙararrawa don tsarin lubrication na maimaita injunan konewa na ciki;Na'urar firikwensin don auna matsa lamba a cikin tsarin lubrication da siginar raguwar sa a ƙasa mai mahimmanci.
Crankshaft tura rabin zobba (tallafi rabin zobba, crankshaft washers, crankshaft ture bearing rabin zobba) su ne na musamman a fili bearings a cikin nau'i na rabin zobba wanda ya kafa aiki axial maye (baya, sharewa) na crankshaft na wani ciki konewa. inji.
A cikin injunan konewa na ciki, matsalar rikice-rikice tana da girma, musamman dacewa ga crankshaft - a cikin injin silinda huɗu na al'ada, shaft ɗin yana da aƙalla maki biyar (manin mujallolin) tare da yanki mai girman gaske.Ko da mafi girman ƙarfin juzu'i na iya faruwa lokacin da ƙusoshin shaft suka haɗu da goyan bayan.Don kauce wa wannan halin da ake ciki, ana yin manyan mujallu na crankshaft fiye da goyon bayan su.Duk da haka, irin wannan bayani yana haifar da wasan kwaikwayon axial na crankshaft, wanda ba a yarda da shi ba - motsi na axial na shaft yana haifar da lalacewa mai tsanani na sassa na tsarin crank kuma yana iya haifar da rushewar su.
Don kawar da koma baya na crankshaft, an shigar da motsin motsi akan ɗaya daga cikin goyon bayansa.Wannan jujjuyawar ta bambanta da layin al'ada ta kasancewar filayen turawa ta gefe a cikin nau'in abin wuya, zoben cirewa ko rabin zobba.A kan kunci na crankshaft a wurin shigarwa na wannan nau'in, an yi tururuwa annular saman - suna hulɗa da rabin zobba.A yau, duk injunan piston suna sanye take da ƙwanƙwasawa, yayin da duk sassan suna da tsari iri ɗaya da ƙa'idar aiki.
Nau'i da ƙira na crankshaft suna tallafawa rabin zobba
Ana amfani da nau'ikan sassa biyu don rage wasan crankshaft:
• Ƙaddamar da rabin zobba;
• Masu wanki.
Masu wanki sune zobba guda ɗaya waɗanda aka ɗora a cikin goyon bayan babban jarida na baya na crankshaft.Rabin zobba shine rabi na zobba waɗanda aka ɗora a kan goyon bayan baya ko ɗaya daga cikin manyan mujallu na tsakiya na crankshaft.A yau, an fi amfani da rabin zobba, saboda suna ba da mafi kyawun dacewa ga ƙwanƙwasawa na crankshaft kuma suna lalacewa da yawa, kuma sun dace da shigarwa / tarwatsawa.Bugu da ƙari, za a iya saka wanki kawai a kan babban jarida na baya na shaft, kuma za a iya sanya rabin zobba a kowane wuyansa.
A tsari, rabin zobba da wanki suna da sauƙi.Suna dogara ne akan ƙaƙƙarfan tagulla ko hatimin karfe rabin zobe / zobe, wanda aka yi amfani da suturar hana gogayya, wanda ke rage juzu'i a kan tudun da ke kan muƙamuƙin shaft.A kan Layer antifriction, biyu ko fiye a tsaye (a wasu lokuta radial) ana yin ramuka don wucewar mai kyauta.Har ila yau, ana iya ba da ramuka da madaidaicin fil na siffofi daban-daban akan zobe / rabin zobe don hana sashin juyawa.
Dangane da kayan aikin kera rabin zobba sune:
• Tagulla mai ƙarfi;
• Karfe-aluminum - aluminum gami da ake amfani da matsayin antifriction Layer;
• Karfe-ceramic - tagulla-graphite spraying ana amfani da matsayin antifriction Layer.
Rabin zoben tagulla
Karfe-aluminum rabin zobba
Karfe-ceramic rabin zobba
A yau, karfe-aluminum da yumbu-metal rabin zobba an fi amfani da su, kuma sau da yawa ana shigar da su a cikin injin guda ɗaya a bangarori daban-daban na mujallar tallafi.
Rabin zoben suna da girman nau'i biyu:
• Na suna;
• Gyara.
An shigar da sassa na girman ƙima akan sababbin injuna da kuma kan injuna waɗanda ba su da ƙarancin lalacewa a saman tudu na crankshaft da tallafi.ɓangarorin gyare-gyare suna da ƙãra kauri (yawanci a cikin haɓakar + 0.127 mm) kuma suna ba ku damar ramawa da lalacewa na ƙwanƙwasa na crankshaft da tallafi.
Ƙaƙwalwar ƙwanƙwasa za a iya samuwa a cikin mujallu daban-daban:
- A daya daga cikin mujallolin tsakiya (a cikin injunan silinda hudu - a na uku);
- A wuyan baya (daga gefen flywheel).
A wannan yanayin, ana amfani da zoben rabin rabi biyu ko hudu.A cikin nau'i na zobe biyu na rabi, an ɗora su a cikin ramuka na ƙananan murfi (rufin karkiya).A cikin nau'i na hudu na rabin zobe, an ɗora su a cikin ramukan ƙananan murfin da goyon baya na sama.Akwai kuma injuna masu rabin zobe ko wanki daya kacal.
Yadda za a zaɓa da maye gurbin crankshaft rabin zobba?
A tsawon lokaci, tura rabin zobba, kamar kowane nau'i na fili, suna lalacewa, sakamakon haka wasan axial na crankshaft yana ƙaruwa.Aiki baya (rata) na crankshaft ya ta'allaka ne a cikin kewayon 0.06-0.26 mm, matsakaicin - a matsayin mai mulkin, kada ya wuce 0.35-0.4 mm.Ana auna wannan siga ta amfani da wata alama ta musamman da aka ɗora akan ƙarshen crankshaft.Idan koma baya ya wuce iyakar da aka yarda, dole ne a maye gurbin tura rabin zoben.
Babban nau'ikan diaphragm (diaphragm) na'urori masu auna karfin mai
Na'urar firikwensin nau'in lamba ne.Na'urar tana da ƙungiyar tuntuɓar - lambar sadarwa mai motsi wacce ke kan membrane, da kafaffen lamba da aka haɗa da jikin na'urar.An zaɓi matsayi na lambobin sadarwa ta hanyar da a al'ada man fetur a cikin tsarin lambobin sadarwa suna buɗewa, kuma a ƙananan matsa lamba an rufe su.An saita matsin lamba ta hanyar bazara, ya dogara da nau'in da samfurin injin, don haka na'urori masu auna firikwensin lamba ba koyaushe suke canzawa ba.
Rheostat firikwensin.Na'urar tana da kafaffen rheostat na waya da faifai da aka haɗa da membrane.Lokacin da membrane ya karkata daga matsakaicin matsayi, faifan yana juyawa a kusa da axis ta hanyar kujera mai girgiza da nunin faifai tare da rheostat - wannan yana haifar da canjin juriya na rheostat, wanda na'urar aunawa ko naúrar lantarki ke kulawa.Don haka, canjin matsa lamba mai yana nunawa a cikin canjin juriya na firikwensin, wanda ake amfani dashi don ma'auni.
Lokacin zabar rabin zobba, wajibi ne a yi la'akari da mahimmancin nuance: ba kawai rabin zobba ba, amma har ma da abubuwan da ke motsawa na crankshaft suna ƙarƙashin lalacewa.Sabili da haka, a cikin sababbin injuna, lokacin da ƙaddamarwar crankshaft ya karu, yawanci ya zama dole don canza zoben rabin zoben da suka lalace kawai - a cikin wannan yanayin, ya zama dole don siyan sassa na girman ƙima.Kuma a cikin injuna tare da babban nisan nisan, lalacewa na ƙwanƙwasawa na crankshaft ya zama sananne - a wannan yanayin, dole ne a siyan zoben turawa na girman girman gyara.
Wajibi ne a zabi sabon zobba na nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan.Yana da mahimmanci cewa sun cika cika girman shigarwar, kuma suna da abin rufe fuska da ya dace.Musamman yanayi na ƙarshe yana da mahimmanci ga injiniyoyi waɗanda aka fara shigar da rabin zobe tare da suturar rigakafin daban-daban.Alal misali, a kan da yawa VAZ injuna na baya Semi-zobe ne yumbu-karfe, da kuma gaban karfe-aluminum, kuma su ne ba musanya.
Sauya rabin zobe ya kamata a yi daidai da umarnin don kulawa da gyaran mota.A kan wasu injuna, wajibi ne don cire pallet kuma a rushe ƙananan murfin ƙaddamarwa, a kan wasu injiniyoyi zai zama dole don yin ɓarna mai tsanani.Lokacin shigar da sababbin zobba, wajibi ne a lura da yanayin su - murfin antifriction (wanda yawanci ana ba da tsagi) ya kamata a shigar da shi zuwa kunci na crankshaft.
Tare da zaɓin da ya dace da shigarwa na rabin zobba, ƙaddamar da ƙaddamarwa zai tabbatar da wasan kwaikwayo na al'ada na crankshaft da ingantaccen aiki na dukan injin.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-21-2023