n kowane injin konewa na ciki, ana fitar da manyan hanyoyi da hanyoyin taimako daga crankshaft ta amfani da jan karfe da bel.Karanta game da abin da crankshaft pulley yake, wane nau'insa ya wanzu, yadda yake aiki da ayyukansa, da kuma maye gurbin da gyara kayan kwalliya a cikin labarin da aka tsara.
Manufar da rawar crankshaft pulley
Duk wani injin konewa na ciki ya ƙunshi tsari da yawa waɗanda ke buƙatar tushen makamashin injina don aiki.Irin waɗannan tsarin sun haɗa da tsarin rarraba iskar gas, tsarin lubrication da tsarin sanyaya, tsarin kunna wutar lantarki tare da mai rarrabawa, tsarin samar da mai da sauransu.Tushen makamashi ga duk waɗannan tsarin shine crankshaft - daga gare ta ne ake ɗaukar ɓangaren juzu'i, wanda ake amfani da shi don fitar da ramuka, famfo, janareta da sauran raka'a.A lokaci guda, ana amfani da faifai daban-daban daban-daban a cikin injin: bel na lokaci ko siginar sarkar da kayan tafiyar da raka'a.A nan za mu yi la'akari kawai bel drives, wanda ya hada da crankshaft pulley.
Ƙwaƙwalwar crankshaft wani ɓangare ne na tuƙin bel ɗin lokaci da sauran hanyoyin taimako na injunan konewa na ciki (na fetur da dizal).Pulley yana kan yatsan yatsa (wato a gaba) na crankshaft, ana amfani dashi don fitar da camshaft (ko shafts), da kuma adadin raka'a - famfo ruwa (famfo), janareta, a famfo mai sarrafa wutar lantarki, fanka mai sanyaya, injin sanyaya iska, damfara mai huhu da sauransu.
Har ila yau, crankshaft pulley na iya yin ayyuka guda biyu:
- Bibiyar saurin angular da matsayi na crankshaft ta amfani da firikwensin da ya dace;
- Damping na girgizar da ke faruwa yayin farawa / tsayawa da injunan yanayi.
Gabaɗaya, crankshaft pulley, duk da sauƙi da rashin gani, wani muhimmin ɓangare ne na kowane injin zamani.A yau, akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan waɗannan abubuwan, kuma duk suna magance matsaloli daban-daban.
Nau'i da fasalulluka na ƙira na crankshaft pulleys
Injuna suna amfani da manyan nau'ikan nau'ikan crankshaft pulleys, waɗanda suka bambanta cikin ƙira da manufa:
- Brook pulleys don watsa V-belt;
- Jafan haƙori don bel ɗin hakori.
Brook pulleys wani tsari ne na yau da kullun wanda aka yi amfani da shi akan injunan konewa na ciki tun farkon su.Wurin waje na irin wannan magudanar ruwa yana da rafukan V-dimbin guda ɗaya ko fiye, waɗanda suka haɗa da bel na siffar da ta dace (V-shaped ko V-rib).Ana amfani da irin waɗannan jakunkuna ne kawai a cikin watsawar V-belt, wanda babu buƙatar ainihin shigarwa na crankshaft da raka'a dangane da juna.Irin waɗannan kayan aikin sun haɗa da tuƙin famfo na ruwa, janareta, kwampreso na kwandishan, kwampreso na iska, fanfo da famfo na lokaci.
Juyin haƙori shine maganin zamani wanda aka yi amfani da shi akan injina shekaru biyu zuwa talatin da suka gabata.Ana amfani da irin waɗannan jakunkuna a cikin gears tare da bel na lokaci, waɗanda ke maye gurbin tuƙin sarkar lokaci.Hakora masu haƙori na crankshaft da raka'a da bel na lokaci da ke haɗa su suna tabbatar da wani matsayi na raka'a dangi da juna.A mafi yawancin lokuta, ana amfani da juzu'in haƙori don fitar da lokaci da famfo na ruwa, kuma tuƙin ragowar raka'a ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar watsa V-belt daban.
Haka kuma akwai guraben da aka haɗe, waɗanda su ne tsarin ɗigon haƙori da ƙugiya (ko V-ribbed).Ana amfani da irin waɗannan jakunkuna don fitar da lokaci da adadin na'urori masu taimako na injin.Za a iya samun da yawa (har zuwa huɗu) ƙwanƙwasa / ribbed pulleys a cikin wannan ƙira.
Duk waɗannan jakunkuna an raba su zuwa nau'i biyu ta ƙira:
- Guda ɗaya / niƙa;
- Haɗaɗɗen damp.
Jakunkuna na nau'in farko ƙwanƙwaran sassa ne da aka jefa ko sassaƙa daga ƙarfe ɗaya (ƙarfe ko ƙarfe).Irin waɗannan jakunkuna sune mafi sauƙi kuma mafi arha, amma suna watsa wa raka'a duk girgizar da ke faruwa lokacin da crankshaft ya juya.
Pulleys na nau'in nau'in na biyu suna hade, sun ƙunshi cibiya da zobe da aka haɗa ta zoben roba.Saboda kasancewar zoben roba, cibiyar da kambi suna raguwa, don haka girgiza da girgizar da ke faruwa a lokacin juyawa na crankshaft suna raguwa.Irin waɗannan jakunkuna sun fi nauyi, sun fi rikitarwa kuma sun fi tsada, amma wannan yana biya tare da ingantacciyar aminci da dorewa na duka bel ɗin.
Har ila yau, an kasu kashi biyu bisa ga nau'in kayan ɗaure:
- Yin ɗaure tare da kullin tsakiya da maɓalli;
- Yin ɗaure tare da kusoshi da yawa (2-6).
A cikin injuna na zamani, crankshaft pulley, musamman a yanayin bel ɗin lokaci, yawanci ana hawa akan kullu ɗaya, kuma ana kiyaye shi daga juyawa da maɓalli.Za'a iya ɗaure ɗigon ɗigo da ƙugiya da yawa, kuma ana aiwatar da shigarwa akan cibiya, wanda shine ci gaba na sprocket ɗin sarkar lokaci, ko jefawa akan yatsan ƙafar crankshaft, ko kuma yanki ne mai zaman kansa tare da ɗaure maɓalli akan maɓalli. yatsa na shaft.
A kan jakunkuna na injunan zamani, ban da rafuka ko hakora a ƙarƙashin bel, ana iya yin kayan zobe don aiki na crankshaft matsayi firikwensin (DPKV).Kambi shine abin da ake kira babban faifan firikwensin crankshaft, ana iya ƙera shi tare da juzu'i, ko kuma ana iya yin shi azaman ɓangaren daban tare da bolting.
Duk wani crankshaft pulley yana daidaitawa yayin kerawa don kawar da girgizawa da bugun.Don cire karafa da yawa, ana zubar da ƙananan baƙin ciki a cikin ja.
Batutuwa na mayewa da gyare-gyare na crankshaft pulley
Sashin ƙwanƙwasa abin dogaro ne kuma mai ɗorewa, amma bayan lokaci, yana iya lalacewa kuma ya gaza.Idan an gano abin da aka sawa diga mai haƙori, haka kuma idan an samu tsagewa, karyewa, nakasu da sauran lahani, ya kamata a tarwatse a maye gurbinsu da wani sabo.Hakanan ana iya buƙatar wargaza abin juzu'i yayin yin aikin gyaran injin.
Tsarin maye gurbin ƙwanƙwasa crankshaft ya dogara da nau'in abin da aka makala.Hanya mafi sauƙi ita ce cire ƙwanƙwasa a kan ƙullun - kawai cire kullun, yayin da ake gyara crankshaft, hana shi daga juyawa.Wargaza gyale mai haƙori akan kusoshi ɗaya ya ɗan fi rikitarwa kuma gabaɗaya yayi kama da haka:
1. Gyara motar ta hanyar sanya tashoshi a ƙarƙashin ƙafafun, a cikin yanayin injin mai, cire mai haɗawa daga na'urar kunnawa (don farawa ya juya, amma injin baya farawa), a yanayin injin dizal, cire mai haɗawa daga bawul ɗin samar da mai na famfon allura;
2.Yi maganin bolt da duk wata hanya da zata taimaka wajen yaga na'urar ba tare da karyewa ba;
3. Sanya maɓalli tare da dogon lokaci a kan ƙugiya, ya kamata ya isa ƙasa, ko kuma amfani da bututu;
4.Juya injin tare da farawa - a cikin wannan yanayin, kullun ya kamata ya juya.Idan ba ta fara aiki ba, to, za ku iya maimaitawa;
5.Kulle kullin;
6.Yin amfani da mai jan hankali na musamman, kawar da jan hankali daga yatsan ƙafar crankshaft.
Ya kamata a lura da cewa don samun damar jan hankali a cikin motoci tare da injuna mai tsayi, yana da kyau a yi amfani da rami dubawa, kuma a cikin motocin da ke da injin juzu'i, dabarar dama za ta rushe.
Lokacin karya gunkin, ya kamata a kula da shi - an lalata shi tare da babban ƙoƙari, don haka haɗarin karyewa yana da yawa sosai.Ana ba da shawarar cire ƙwanƙwasa daga crankshaft ta yin amfani da mai jan hankali na musamman, kodayake zaka iya amfani da igiya mai sauƙi mai sauƙi, amma a wannan yanayin ya kamata ka yi hankali.Wasu jakunkuna suna da ramukan zaren zare na musamman waɗanda zaku iya murƙushe ƙullun ku cire ɗigon.Duk da haka, a wannan yanayin, ya kamata a sanya takardar karfe a ƙarƙashin ƙullun da aka zana, tun da kullun na iya turawa ta bangon gaban injin injin ko wasu sassan da ke ƙarƙashinsa.
Ana aiwatar da shigarwa na ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa a cikin juzu'i.Duk da haka, ana iya samun wahala, tun lokacin da aka shigar da jakunkuna a kan yatsan ƙafar crankshaft, wanda ke buƙatar ƙoƙari na jiki.Ana iya bi da wurin saukowa na pula da maiko don sauƙaƙe shigar da shi.
Tare da maye gurbin da ya dace na crankshaft pulley, duk na'urorin injin za su yi aiki akai-akai, suna tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki na gabaɗayan rukunin wutar lantarki.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-27-2023