A cikin kowace naúrar wutar lantarki ta zamani, koyaushe akwai firikwensin matsayi na crankshaft, a kan abin da aka gina tsarin kunna wuta da man fetur.Karanta duk game da firikwensin matsayi na crankshaft, nau'ikan su, ƙira da aiki, kazalika da zaɓin daidai da maye gurbin waɗannan na'urori a cikin labarin.
Manufar da wuri na crankshaft matsayi firikwensin a cikin injin
Crankshaft matsayi firikwensin (DPKV, firikwensin daidaitawa, firikwensin farawa tunani) - wani ɓangaren tsarin sarrafa lantarki na injin konewa na ciki;Na'urar firikwensin da ke lura da halaye na crankshaft (matsayi, sauri), kuma yana tabbatar da aiki na manyan tsarin naúrar wutar lantarki (cirewa, wutar lantarki, rarraba gas, da dai sauransu).
Injunan konewa na zamani na kowane nau'in galibi suna sanye da tsarin sarrafa lantarki, waɗanda ke ɗaukar cikakken aikin naúrar a kowane yanayi.Mafi mahimmancin wuri a cikin irin waɗannan tsarin yana shagaltar da na'urori masu auna firikwensin - na'urori na musamman waɗanda ke bin wasu halaye na motar, kuma suna watsa bayanai zuwa sashin kula da lantarki (ECU).Wasu na'urori masu auna firikwensin suna da mahimmanci ga aikin sashin wutar lantarki, gami da firikwensin matsayi na crankshaft.
DPKV yana auna sigina ɗaya - matsayi na crankshaft a kowane lokaci a lokaci.Dangane da bayanan da aka samu, an ƙayyade saurin shaft da saurin kusurwarsa.Karɓar wannan bayanin, ECU tana warware ayyuka da yawa:
● Ƙaddamar da lokacin TDC (ko TDC) na pistons na farko da / ko na hudu cylinders;
● Sarrafa tsarin allurar man fetur - ƙayyade lokacin allurar da tsawon lokacin injectors;
● Gudanar da tsarin kunnawa - ƙaddarar lokacin kunnawa a cikin kowane silinda;
● Gudanar da tsarin tsarin lokaci mai canzawa;
● Gudanar da aiki na sassan tsarin dawo da tururin mai;
● Sarrafa da gyara ayyukan sauran tsarin da ke da alaƙa da injin.
Saboda haka, DPKV tabbatar da al'ada aiki na ikon naúrar, cikakken kayyade aiki na biyu main tsarin - ƙonewa (kawai a cikin man fetur injuna) da kuma man allura (a injectors da dizal injuna).Har ila yau, firikwensin ya juya ya zama mai dacewa don sarrafa sauran tsarin motar, aikin wanda yake aiki kai tsaye ko a kaikaice tare da matsayi da saurin shaft.Na'urar firikwensin da ba daidai ba zai iya rushe aikin injin gaba daya, don haka dole ne a maye gurbinsa.Amma kafin siyan sabon DPKV, kuna buƙatar fahimtar nau'ikan waɗannan na'urori, ƙirar su da aiki.
Nau'i, ƙira da ka'idar aiki na DPKV
Ko da kuwa nau'in da ƙira, na'urori masu auna firikwensin matsayi na crankshaft sun ƙunshi sassa biyu:
● firikwensin matsayi;
● Babban faifan diski ( sync disk, sync disk).
Ana sanya DPKV a cikin akwati na filastik ko aluminium, wanda aka sanya shi ta hanyar maɓalli kusa da babban diski.Na'urar firikwensin yana da daidaitaccen haɗin wutar lantarki don haɗawa da tsarin lantarki na abin hawa, mai haɗa haɗin yana iya kasancewa duka a jikin firikwensin da kuma kan nasa na USB na ɗan gajeren tsayi.Ana daidaita firikwensin akan toshewar injin ko akan wani sashi na musamman, yana gaban babban faifan diski kuma a cikin aikin yana ƙididdige haƙoransa.
Crankshaft matsayi firikwensin akan injuna daban-daban
Babban faifan faifan jan hankali ne ko dabaran, tare da gefensa wanda akwai haƙoran bayanan murabba'i.Faifan yana daidaitawa da ƙarfi akan ƙugiyar ƙugiya ko kai tsaye akan yatsan sa, wanda ke tabbatar da jujjuyawar sassan biyu tare da mitar iri ɗaya.
Aiki na firikwensin na iya dogara ne akan al'amuran jiki daban-daban da tasiri, mafi yaduwa sune na'urori iri uku:
● Inductive (ko maganadisu);
● Dangane da tasirin Hall;
● Na gani (haske).
Kowane nau'in na'urori masu auna firikwensin yana da fasalin ƙirar sa da ƙa'idar aiki.
Inductive (magnetic) DPKV.A tsakiyar na'urar akwai maɗaukakiyar maganadisu da aka sanya a cikin iska.Ayyukan firikwensin ya dogara ne akan tasirin shigar da wutar lantarki.A lokacin hutawa, filin maganadisu a cikin firikwensin yana dawwama kuma babu halin yanzu a cikin iska.Lokacin da haƙoran ƙarfe na babban faifan diski ya wuce kusa da babban abin maganadisu, filin maganadisu da ke kusa da ainihin yana canzawa kwatsam, wanda ke haifar da shigar da na yanzu a cikin iska.Lokacin da faifan ke jujjuyawar, wani musanyar halin yanzu na wani mitar na faruwa a wurin fitar da firikwensin, wanda ECU ke amfani dashi don tantance saurin crankshaft da matsayinsa.
Wannan shine ƙirar firikwensin mafi sauƙi, ana amfani dashi sosai akan kowane nau'in injuna.Amfanin na'urorin irin wannan shine aikin su ba tare da samar da wutar lantarki ba - wannan yana sa ya yiwu a haɗa su tare da wayoyi guda ɗaya kawai kai tsaye zuwa sashin sarrafawa.
Hall tasiri firikwensin.Na'urar firikwensin ya dogara ne akan tasirin da masanin kimiyyar lissafi dan Amurka Edwin Hall ya gano kusan karni daya da rabi da suka gabata: lokacin da halin yanzu ke wucewa ta bangarori biyu na wani siraren karfen farantin karfe da aka sanya a cikin filin maganadisu akai-akai, wutar lantarki ta bayyana a sauran bangarorin biyu.Na'urori masu auna firikwensin zamani na wannan nau'in an gina su ne akan na'urori na musamman na Hall da aka sanya a cikin akwati tare da muryoyin maganadisu, kuma babban diski na su yana da haƙoran magnetized.Na'urar firikwensin yana aiki da sauƙi: a hutawa, babu ƙarfin lantarki a wurin fitarwa na firikwensin, lokacin da haƙorin magnetized ya wuce, ƙarfin lantarki yana bayyana a wurin fitarwa.Kamar yadda yake a cikin yanayin da ya gabata, lokacin da babban faifai ke juyawa, wani madaidaicin halin yanzu yana tasowa a fitowar DPKV, wanda aka kawo ga ECU.
Inductive crankshaft matsayi firikwensin
Wannan babban firikwensin firikwensin, wanda, duk da haka, yana ba da daidaiton ma'auni mai girma akan duk iyakar saurin crankshaft.Har ila yau, firikwensin Hall yana buƙatar samar da wutar lantarki daban don aiki, don haka an haɗa shi da wayoyi uku ko hudu.
Na'urori masu auna gani.Tushen firikwensin shine nau'i biyu na tushen haske da mai karɓa (LED da photodiode), a cikin tazarar da ke tsakanin hakora ko ramukan babban faifan.Na'urar firikwensin yana aiki a sauƙaƙe: faifan, lokacin juyawa a tazara daban-daban, yana ƙetare LED, sakamakon haka an samar da halin yanzu a cikin fitarwa na photodiode - na'urar lantarki tana amfani da ita don aunawa.
A halin yanzu, na'urori masu auna firikwensin suna da iyakacin amfani, saboda mawuyacin yanayi na aikin su a cikin injin - ƙura mai yawa, yiwuwar hayaki, gurɓataccen ruwa, datti na hanya, da dai sauransu.
Ana amfani da madaidaitan faifan faifai don aiki tare da na'urori masu auna firikwensin.Irin wannan diski ya kasu kashi 60 hakora a kowane digiri 6, yayin da a wuri ɗaya na diski babu hakora biyu (nau'in sync 60-2) - wannan wucewa shine farkon juyawa na crankshaft kuma yana tabbatar da aiki tare da firikwensin. ECU da tsarin haɗin gwiwa.Yawancin lokaci, haƙori na farko bayan tsallakewa ya zo daidai da matsayin fistan na farko ko na ƙarshe a TDC ko TDC.Hakanan akwai fayafai masu tsalle-tsalle biyu na hakora a kusurwar digiri 180 zuwa juna (nau'in sync 60-2-2), ana amfani da irin waɗannan fayafai akan wasu nau'ikan na'urorin wutar lantarki na diesel.
Babban fayafai don firikwensin inductive ana yin su ne da ƙarfe, wani lokaci a lokaci guda da ƙugiya mai ɗaci.Fayafai don na'urori masu auna firikwensin Hall galibi ana yin su ne da filastik, kuma magneto mai dindindin suna cikin haƙoransu.
A ƙarshe, mun lura cewa ana amfani da DPKV sau da yawa a kan crankshaft da kuma a kan camshaft, a cikin akwati na ƙarshe, ana amfani da shi don saka idanu da matsayi da sauri na camshaft da kuma yin gyare-gyare ga aikin rarraba gas.
Shigar da nau'in inductive DPKV da babban faifai
Yadda za a zaɓa da maye gurbin firikwensin crankshaft daidai
DPKV yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin motar, rashin aikin firikwensin yana haifar da mummunan lalacewa a cikin aikin injin (mawuyacin farawa, aiki mara ƙarfi, raguwar halayen wutar lantarki, fashewa, da sauransu).Kuma a wasu lokuta idan DPKV ya gaza, injin ya zama ba zai iya aiki ba (kamar yadda siginar Duba Injin ya nuna).Idan akwai matsalolin da aka bayyana tare da aikin injiniya, to, ya kamata ka duba firikwensin crankshaft, kuma idan akwai rashin aiki, yi maye gurbin.
Da farko, kuna buƙatar bincika firikwensin, bincika amincin jikinsa, mai haɗawa da wayoyi.Ana iya bincika firikwensin inductive tare da mai gwadawa - ya isa don auna juriya na iska, wanda firikwensin aiki yana cikin kewayon 0.6-1.0 kOhm.Ba za a iya bincika firikwensin Hall ta wannan hanyar ba, ana iya yin gwajin gwajinsa akan kayan aiki na musamman.Amma mafi sauki hanyar shi ne shigar da wani sabon firikwensin, kuma idan engine ya fara, matsalar shi ne daidai a cikin rashin aiki na tsohon DPKV.
Don maye gurbin, ya kamata ka zaɓi firikwensin kawai na nau'in da aka sanya akan mota kuma mai kera motoci ya ba da shawarar.Na'urori masu auna firikwensin wani samfurin ƙila ba su dace da wurin ba ko yin manyan kurakurai a ma'auni, kuma, sakamakon haka, sun rushe aikin motar.Ya kamata a canza DPKV daidai da umarnin gyaran abin hawa.Yawancin lokaci, ya isa ya cire haɗin haɗin lantarki, cire sukurori / kusoshi ɗaya ko biyu, cire firikwensin kuma shigar da sabon maimakon.Sabuwar firikwensin ya kamata a kasance a nesa na 0.5-1.5 mm daga ƙarshen babban diski (ana nuna ainihin nisa a cikin umarnin), ana iya daidaita wannan nisa tare da masu wanki ko kuma ta wata hanya.Tare da madaidaiciyar zaɓi na DPKV da maye gurbinsa, injin zai fara aiki nan da nan, kawai a wasu lokuta ya zama dole don daidaita firikwensin kuma sake saita lambobin kuskure.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-13-2023