A cikin duk injunan konewa na ciki, crankshaft da sanduna masu haɗawa suna juyawa a cikin bearings na musamman - masu layi.Karanta game da abin da crankshaft liner yake, abin da ayyuka yake yi, irin nau'in layi da kuma yadda aka tsara su, da kuma zaɓin daidaitaccen zaɓi na sababbin layi don gyarawa - karanta labarin.
Menene crankshaft liners?
crankshaft liner wani bangare ne na tsarin crank na injin konewa na ciki, wani fili mai ɗaukar nauyi wanda ke rage asarar gogayya da cunkoson sassa a wuraren tuntuɓar crankshaft tare da gadon toshe injin.crankshafttare da igiyoyin haɗin piston.Yin amfani da na'ura mai mahimmanci yana faruwa ne saboda yanayi mai wuyar gaske da manyan lodi, wanda a ƙarƙashinsa na'ura mai juyayi (ball ko abin nadi) zai yi aiki mara kyau kuma yana da ɗan gajeren hanya.A yau, yawancin raka'o'in wutar lantarki suna amfani da layin layi, kuma akan wasu ƙananan injunan silinda guda ɗaya da biyu kawai, ana amfani da na'ura mai jujjuyawa azaman tallafin crankshaft.
The crankshaft liners suna da ayyuka na asali da yawa:
• Rage ƙarfin juzu'i a wurin tuntuɓar crankshaft, toshe silinda yana tallafawa da sanduna masu haɗawa;
• Canja wurin dakarun da karfin da ke tasowa a lokacin aikin injiniya - daga haɗakar da sanduna zuwa crankshaft, daga crankshaft zuwa toshe injin, da dai sauransu;
• Daidaitaccen rarraba mai (samuwar fim din mai) a saman sassan shafa;
• Daidaita jeri da matsayi na sassa dangane da juna.
Masu aikin crankshaft suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin aikin na'urar wutar lantarki, amma a lokaci guda suna da sauƙi a cikin tsari.
Nau'i da halaye na crankshaft liners
Crankshaft fili bearings an raba zuwa iri bisa ga wurin shigarwa, manufa da gyara girma.
A wurin shigarwa, akwai nau'ikan layi biyu:
•Yan asali;
• Sanduna masu haɗawa.
Ana shigar da manyan ramuka na fili a cikin gadon crankshaft a cikin injin injin kuma suna rufe manyan mujallu na crankshaft, yana tabbatar da jujjuyawa ta kyauta.Ana shigar da filayen bakin sanda masu haɗawa a cikin ƙasan kan sandar haɗi kuma an rufe mujallar sanda mai haɗawa na crankshaft.
Har ila yau, an raba abubuwan da aka saka zuwa rukuni biyu bisa ga manufarsu:
• Na al'ada - samar da raguwa kawai a cikin karfin juzu'i a wuraren tuntuɓar sassa;
Babban kulle - bugu da žari bayar da gyara na crankshaft a cikin gado, hana ta axial gudun hijira.
Filayen filaye na al'ada suna da lebur, zobba masu sirara.Za a iya yin kullun kullewa a cikin nau'i na tura rabin zobba (wanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin saiti tare da layi mai layi) da kuma layi tare da kwala;Ana shigar da rabin zobe a ƙarshen injin, ana ɗora ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa akan goyan bayan ɗaya ko biyu na gadon crankshaft.
Ƙwararren ƙwanƙwasa yana lalacewa yayin aiki kuma dole ne a maye gurbinsa, majallun crankshaft suma suna ƙarƙashin lalacewa, wanda ke haifar da karuwa a cikin rata tsakanin sassan shafa.Idan kun shigar da sabbin layin layi na kauri iri ɗaya kamar na tsofaffi, rata zai kasance da girma sosai, wanda ke cike da ƙwanƙwasa har ma da lalacewa mai tsanani.Don kauce wa wannan, ana amfani da layi na abin da ake kira gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare - dan kadan ya karu wanda ya rama lalacewa na mujallolin crankshaft.Sabbin layin layi suna da girman 0.00, ana samar da masu gyaran gyare-gyare tare da karuwa a cikin kauri ta hanyar 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5 mm, ana sanya irin waɗannan abubuwan da aka saka daidai da +0.25, +0.5, da dai sauransu.
Zane na crankshaft liners
Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaho, ya ƙunshi zoben rabin lebur na ƙarfe guda biyu waɗanda ke rufe gaba ɗaya mujallar crankshaft (sama da ƙasa).Akwai abubuwa da yawa a wannan bangare:
• Ramuka (daya ko biyu) don shigar da mai a cikin tashoshi mai a cikin crankshaft da haɗin haɗi;
• Makullai a cikin nau'i na spikes ko tsagi don fil don gyara ɗawainiya a cikin goyon bayan gado na crankshaft ko a cikin ƙananan sanda mai haɗawa;
• Tsagi mai tsayi don samar da man fetur zuwa ramin (an yi kawai a kan layin da ke gefen tashar - wannan shi ne ƙananan babban layi da babban haɗin haɗin haɗin gwiwa);
• A cikin ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa - bangon gefe (ƙwanƙwasa) don gyara ɗawainiya da iyakance motsi na axial na crankshaft.
Layin layi shine tsarin multilayer, wanda tushensa shine farantin karfe tare da abin rufe fuska da aka yi amfani da shi a saman aikinsa.Yana da wannan suturar da ke ba da raguwa a cikin rikici da kuma tsawon rayuwar sabis na ɗawainiya, an yi shi da kayan laushi kuma, bi da bi, kuma ana iya zama multilayered.Saboda ƙananan laushinsa, murfin layi yana ɗaukar ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na crankshaft lalacewa, yana hana cunkoson sassa, scuffing, da dai sauransu.
Ta hanyar ƙira, crankshaft liners sun kasu zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi biyu:
•Bimetal;
• Trimetallic.
Bimetallic bearings an shirya mafi sauƙi.Suna dogara ne akan tsiri na karfe tare da kauri na 0.9-4 mm (dangane da nau'in da manufar sashin, manyan bearings sun fi kauri, sanduna masu haɗawa sun fi bakin ciki), wanda Layer antifriction tare da kauri na 0.25- Ana amfani da 0.4 mm.m man shafawa) har zuwa 75%, kuma zai iya ƙunsar ƙananan adadin nickel, cadmium, zinc da sauran karafa.
Bugu da ƙari, babban abin da ke hana gogayya, trimetallic liners suna da murfin murfin tare da kauri na 0.012-0.025 mm (12-25 μm), wanda ke ba da kaddarorin kariya (yaki da lalata da wuce gona da iri na tushen Layer) kuma yana inganta antifriction. halaye na hali.Wannan shafi an yi shi da gubar-tin-tagulla gami da sinadarin gubar na 92-100%, tin har zuwa 12% da jan karfe bai wuce 3% ba.
Har ila yau, ƙarin yadudduka na iya kasancewa a cikin baƙar fata:
• Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan tin shine mai tsabta mai tsabta tare da kauri na 0.5-1 microns kawai, wanda ke ba da kariya daga lalata, mai da kuma gurɓata lokacin sufuri, shigarwa da kuma shiga cikin layi;
• Ƙarƙashin kariya mai kariya na tin shine nau'i ɗaya da aka yi amfani da shi a waje na layin layi (wanda ke fuskantar crankshaft goyon baya ko ciki na kan sandar haɗi);
• Nickel sublayer (nickel barrier, gasket) - bakin ciki, wanda bai wuce 1-2 micron Layer na nickel tsakanin babban maganin antifriction da Layer Layer.Wannan Layer yana hana yaduwar kwayar zarra daga rufin rufi zuwa babba, wanda ke tabbatar da dawwamammiyar sinadarai na babban abin rufe fuska.Idan babu wani shinge na nickel a cikin babban sutura, ƙaddamar da tin na iya karuwa, wanda zai haifar da canje-canje mara kyau a cikin halayen halayen.
Tsarin da aka yi la'akari da nau'in nau'i na fili ba daidai ba ne, masana'antun da yawa suna ba da nasu makirci da ƙira.Alal misali, ana iya amfani da babban abin da ake kira antifriction alloy zuwa ga karfe tushe ba kai tsaye ba, amma ta hanyar ƙarin sublayer na aluminum ko jan karfe, Layer Layer na iya samun nau'i-nau'i iri-iri, ciki har da ba tare da gubar ba, da dai sauransu.
Batutuwa na zaɓi da maye gurbin crankshaft liners
Lokacin da zaɓar bayyanawa bayyanawa, ya zama dole a fara daga injin injin, wurin sakin sassan bangarorin kuma kasancewar layin gyara.A matsayinka na mai mulki, ana yin layin layi ɗaya don kewayon ƙirar ɗaya ko ma ƙirar injin guda ɗaya, don haka ba shi yiwuwa a maye gurbin su da sassa daga wani motar (tare da keɓaɓɓun keɓaɓɓu).Har ila yau, ba za ku iya amfani da layi ba tare da la'akari da lalacewa na mujallolin crankshaft ba, in ba haka ba gyara zai zama matsala mafi girma.
Kafin zabar girman gyare-gyare na bearings, ya zama dole don ƙayyade lalacewa na mujallolin crankshaft da sauran sassan da ke da alaƙa (gadaje, haɗin kai, ko da yake ba su da sauƙi don sawa).Yawanci, sanya wuyan wuyan yana faruwa ba daidai ba, wasu daga cikinsu sun fi gajiyawa sosai, wasu sun ragu, amma ana siyan nau'ikan layukan layi iri ɗaya don gyara, don haka duk wuyan dole ne a kasa su girma iri ɗaya.Zaɓin ƙimar da mujallolin crankshaft za su niƙa ya dogara da kasancewar bearings na wasu nau'ikan gyare-gyaren da suka dace da wannan injin na musamman.Don motocin da ke da ƙananan nisan miloli, ana zaɓar girman gyare-gyare na +0.25 ko +0.5, don injinan da ke da mahimmancin nisa, ana iya buƙatar niƙa zuwa girman gyare-gyare na +1.0, a cikin tsoffin injina har ma da ƙari - har zuwa +1.5.Sabili da haka, don sababbin injuna, ana samar da layukan masu girma dabam uku ko hudu (har zuwa +0.75 ko +1.0), kuma ga tsofaffi, ana iya samun layi har zuwa +1.5.
Girman gyaran gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare ya kamata ya zama irin wannan lokacin da ake hada injin tsakanin jaridar crankshaft da farfajiyar, akwai rata a cikin kewayon 0.03-0.07 mm.
Tare da zaɓin da ya dace na ƙwanƙwasa a fili don crankshaft, injin, ko da tare da babban nisan nisan, zai yi aiki da kyau da inganci a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-22-2023