A cikin motocin da ke da tsarin birki na na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa, manyan silinda na birki na wheel suna taka muhimmiyar rawa.Karanta game da abin da silinda birki yake, wane nau'in silinda ke akwai, yadda aka tsara su da aiki, da kuma zaɓi daidai, kulawa da gyara waɗannan sassa a cikin labarin.
Silinda birki - ayyuka, iri, fasali
Birki Silinda shine sunan gaba ɗaya don sarrafawa da masu kunna tsarin birki na motocin da ake tuƙa da ruwa.Akwai na'urori guda biyu waɗanda suka bambanta a ƙira da manufa:
• Babban Silinda (GTZ);
• Dabarun (aiki) birki na silinda.
GTZ shine sashin kula da tsarin birki gabaɗaya, wheel cylinders sune masu kunnawa waɗanda ke kunna birki ɗin dabaran kai tsaye.
GTZ yana magance matsaloli da yawa:
• Juya ƙarfin injina daga fedar birki zuwa matsa lamba na ruwa mai aiki, wanda ya isa ya fitar da masu kunnawa;
• Tabbatar da madaidaicin matakin ruwa mai aiki a cikin tsarin;
• Tsayar da aikin birki idan an rasa maƙarƙashiya, leaks da sauran yanayi;
• Gudanar da tuƙi (tare da ƙarar birki).
Silinda na bayi suna da aikin maɓalli ɗaya - tuƙi na birki na dabaran lokacin birki abin hawa.Har ila yau, waɗannan abubuwan da aka gyara suna ba da wani ɓangare na dawowar GTZ zuwa matsayinsa na asali lokacin da aka saki motar.
Lamba da wuri na silinda ya dogara da nau'in mota da adadin axles.Babban silinda na birki ɗaya ne, amma sassa da yawa.Yawan silinda masu aiki na iya zama daidai da adadin ƙafafun, sau biyu ko sau uku (lokacin shigar da silinda biyu ko uku akan dabaran).
Haɗin birki na dabaran zuwa GTZ ya dogara da nau'in tuƙin abin hawa.
A cikin ababen hawa na baya:
• kewayawa na farko - ƙafafun gaba;
• Da'irar ta biyu ita ce ƙafafun baya.
Misalin zane na tsarin birki na mota
Haɗin haɗin haɗin yana yiwuwa: idan akwai nau'i biyu masu aiki a kan kowane motar gaba, ɗaya daga cikinsu yana haɗa zuwa da'irar farko, na biyu zuwa na biyu, yana aiki tare da birki na baya.
Motocin tuƙi na gaba:
• kewayawa na farko - ƙafafun dama na gaba da hagu na baya;
• kewayawa ta biyu - ƙafafun hagu na gaba da dama.
Ana iya amfani da wasu saitunan birki, amma tsare-tsaren da ke sama sun fi kowa.
Zane da ka'idar aiki na birki master cylinder
Babban birki na silinda an kasu kashi biyu bisa ga adadin da'irori (sashe):
• Single-kewaye;
• Sau biyu-kewaye.
A zahiri ba a amfani da silinda guda ɗaya a yau, ana iya samun su akan wasu tsoffin motoci.Yawancin motocin zamani suna sanye da GTZ dual-circuit - a zahiri, waɗannan silinda guda biyu ne a cikin jiki ɗaya waɗanda ke aiki akan da'irorin birki masu cin gashin kansu.Tsarin birki mai kewayawa biyu ya fi inganci, abin dogaro da aminci.
Hakanan, babban silinda ya kasu kashi biyu bisa ga kasancewar mai haɓaka birki:
• Ba tare da amplifier ba;
• Tare da injin ƙarar birki.
Motoci na zamani suna sanye da GTZ tare da haɗaɗɗen injin birki mai haɓakawa, wanda ke sauƙaƙe sarrafawa da haɓaka ingantaccen tsarin gaba ɗaya.
Zane na babban mai haɓaka birki yana da sauƙi.Yana dogara ne akan simintin simintin simintin gyare-gyare, wanda akwai pistons guda biyu da aka shigar daya bayan daya - suna samar da sassan aiki.Ana haɗa fistan na gaba ta sanda zuwa ga mai haɓaka birki ko kuma kai tsaye zuwa ga fedar birki, piston na baya ba shi da madaidaicin haɗi tare da gaba, tsakanin su akwai ɗan gajeren sanda da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa.A cikin ɓangaren sama na Silinda, sama da kowane sashe, akwai tashoshi na kewayawa da tashoshi ramuwa, kuma bututu ɗaya ko biyu suna fitowa daga kowane sashe don haɗi zuwa da'irori masu aiki.An shigar da tafki mai ruwa birki a kan silinda, an haɗa shi da sassan ta amfani da hanyoyin kewayawa da ramuwa.
GTZ yana aiki kamar haka.Lokacin da ka danna maɓallin birki, piston na gaba yana motsawa, yana toshe tashar ramuwa, sakamakon abin da kewaye ya rufe kuma matsa lamba na ruwa mai aiki yana karuwa a ciki.Ƙara yawan matsa lamba yana haifar da piston na baya don motsawa, yana kuma rufe tashar ramuwa kuma yana matsawa ruwan aiki.Lokacin da pistons ke motsawa, tashoshi na kewayawa a cikin silinda koyaushe suna buɗewa, don haka ruwan aiki da yardar kaina ya cika ramukan da aka kafa a bayan pistons.A sakamakon haka, matsa lamba a cikin sassan biyu na tsarin birki yana ƙaruwa, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar wannan matsa lamba, ana haifar da silinda birki na ƙafafu, suna tura kullun - abin hawa yana raguwa.
Lokacin da aka cire ƙafar ƙafa, pistons suna komawa zuwa matsayinsu na asali (wannan yana samar da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa), kuma maɓuɓɓugan maɓuɓɓugar da ke damfara silinda masu aiki su ma suna ba da gudummawa ga wannan.Duk da haka, ruwan aiki da ke shiga cikin ramukan da ke bayan pistons a cikin GTZ ta hanyar tashoshi na kewayawa baya barin pistons su koma matsayinsu na asali - godiya ga wannan, sakin birki yana da santsi, kuma tsarin yana aiki da aminci.Lokacin komawa zuwa matsayi na farawa, pistons suna buɗe tashar ramuwa, sakamakon abin da aka kwatanta da matsa lamba a cikin da'irar aiki tare da matsa lamba na yanayi.Lokacin da aka saki feda na birki, ruwan da ke aiki daga tafki yana shiga cikin da'irar da yardar kaina, wanda ke ramawa ga raguwar adadin ruwa saboda yatsa ko wasu dalilai.
Zane na babban silinda na birki yana tabbatar da aiki na tsarin idan akwai zubar da ruwa mai aiki a ɗayan da'irori.Idan yatsa ya faru a cikin da'ira na farko, to ana fitar da fistan na sakandare kai tsaye daga fistan na farko - an ba da sanda na musamman don wannan.Idan yatsa ya faru a cikin da'ira na biyu, to, lokacin da ka danna maɓallin birki, wannan piston yana dogara ne akan ƙarshen silinda kuma yana samar da karuwar matsa lamba a cikin da'irar farko.A kowane hali, tafiye-tafiyen feda yana ƙaruwa kuma ingancin birki yana raguwa kaɗan, don haka dole ne a kawar da rashin aiki da wuri-wuri.
Har ila yau, madaidaicin birki yana da tsari mai sauƙi.Yana dogara ne akan jikin silindi mai hatimi, wanda membrane ya raba shi zuwa ɗakuna biyu - injin baya da kuma yanayin gaba.An haɗa ɗakin daɗaɗɗen injin ɗin zuwa nau'in ɗaukar injin, don haka an ƙirƙiri rage matsa lamba a ciki.An haɗa ɗakin da ke cikin yanayi ta hanyar tashoshi zuwa vacuum, kuma an haɗa shi da yanayi.An raba ɗakunan da bawul ɗin da aka ɗora a kan diaphragm, sanda ta ratsa ta cikin duka amplifier, wanda ke da alaƙa da fedar birki a gefe guda, kuma yana kan birki master cylinder a ɗayan.
Ka'idar aiki na amplifier shine kamar haka.Lokacin da ba a danna feda ba, ɗakunan biyu suna sadarwa ta hanyar bawul, ana ganin ƙananan matsa lamba a cikin su, dukan taron ba zai iya aiki ba.Lokacin da aka yi amfani da karfi a kan feda, bawul ɗin ya cire haɗin ɗakunan kuma a lokaci guda yana haɗa ɗakin gaba zuwa yanayin - sakamakon haka, matsa lamba a cikinsa yana ƙaruwa.Saboda bambancin matsa lamba a cikin ɗakunan, diaphragm yana ƙoƙari ya matsa zuwa ɗakin ɗakin - wannan yana haifar da ƙarin ƙarfi a kan tushe.Ta wannan hanyar, injin ƙara ƙara yana sauƙaƙa sarrafa birki ta hanyar rage juriya na feda lokacin da kake danna shi.
Zane da ka'idar aiki na silinda birki na dabaran
Birki bawan cylinders sun kasu kashi biyu:
• Don birki na ƙafar ganga;
• Don birki na ƙafafun diski.
Silinda bayi a cikin birki na ganga sassa ne masu zaman kansu waɗanda aka sanya su tsakanin mashin kuma tabbatar da haɓaka su yayin birki.Silinda masu aiki na birki na diski an haɗa su a cikin ƙwanƙwasa birki, suna ba da matsin lamba ga diski yayin birki.A tsari, waɗannan sassa suna da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci.
Silinda ta birki ta birki a cikin mafi sauƙi shine bututu (jikin simintin gyare-gyare) wanda aka saka pistons daga ƙarshensa, tsakanin wanda akwai rami don ruwan aiki.A waje, pistons suna da filaye masu ɗorewa don haɗi tare da pads, don kare kariya daga gurɓataccen abu, an rufe pistons tare da iyakoki na roba.Hakanan a waje akwai dacewa don haɗi zuwa tsarin birki.
Silinda na birki na diski rami ne na silinda a cikin caliper wanda aka saka fistan ta cikin O-ring.A gefen baya na piston akwai tashoshi mai dacewa don haɗi zuwa kewaye na tsarin birki.Caliper na iya samun daga silinda ɗaya zuwa uku na diamita daban-daban.
Silindar birki na dabaran suna aiki a sauƙaƙe.Lokacin yin birki, matsa lamba a cikin kewaye yana ƙaruwa, ruwan aiki yana shiga cikin rami na Silinda kuma yana tura piston.Ana tura pistons na silinda birki na ganga ta daban-daban, kowannen su yana tuka nasa kushin.Pistons na caliper suna fitowa daga cikin cavities kuma suna danna (kai tsaye ko a kaikaice, ta hanyar na'ura na musamman) kushin zuwa ganga.Lokacin da birki ya tsaya, matsa lamba a cikin kewayawa yana raguwa kuma a wani lokaci ƙarfin maɓuɓɓugan dawowa ya isa ya mayar da pistons zuwa matsayinsu na asali - an saki abin hawa.
Zaɓi, sauyawa da kuma kula da silinda birki
Lokacin zabar sassan da ake tambaya, ya zama dole a kiyaye sosai ga shawarwarin masu kera abin hawa.Lokacin shigar da silinda na samfuri ko nau'i daban-daban, birki na iya lalacewa, wanda ba za a yarda da shi ba.
A lokacin aiki, maigidan da bawan cylinders ba sa buƙatar kulawa ta musamman kuma suna aiki ba tare da matsala ba shekaru da yawa.Idan aikin birki ko tsarin duka ya lalace, ya zama dole don bincikar silinda kuma, idan akwai rashin aikinsu, kawai maye gurbin su.Hakanan, lokaci-lokaci kuna buƙatar bincika matakin ruwan birki a cikin tafki kuma, idan ya cancanta, sake cika shi.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-21-2023