Dangane da ma'auni na yanzu, kowace mota dole ne ta kasance tana da gargaɗin haɗari mai haske ta hanyar canji na musamman.Koyi duk game da masu kunna ƙararrawa, nau'ikan su, ƙira da aiki, kazalika da zaɓi na daidai da maye gurbin waɗannan na'urori - gano daga labarin.
Makasudi da rawar da ke canza ƙararrawar haɗari a cikin abin hawa
Ƙararrawar ƙararrawa (canjin gaggawa) - tsarin kula da tsarin siginar haske don motoci da sauran motoci;Sauyawa na ƙirar ƙira ta musamman (na'urar juyawa) wanda ke ba da kunnawa da kashe ƙararrawar haske, da kuma sarrafa gani na aikin wannan tsarin.
Dangane da ka'idodin Rasha da na duniya na yanzu, kowane abin hawa mai ƙaya dole ne a sanye shi da gargaɗin haɗari mai haske ("hasken haɗari").Ana amfani da wannan tsarin don sanar da sauran masu amfani da hanya game da yanayi daban-daban masu haɗari masu haɗari ko gaggawa - hatsarori, tsayawa a wurin da aka haramta, buƙatar ba da taimakon likita ga direba ko fasinja, yayin da yake jan wata mota, idan ya makantar da direba a cikin motar. duhu (fitilar fitilun zirga-zirga masu zuwa), da kuma lokacin hawa / sauke yara daga bas da sauran motoci na musamman, da sauransu.
"Gaggawa" an gina shi bisa ga alamun jagora (babban da masu maimaitawa, idan akwai), wanda, lokacin da aka kunna tsarin, ana canjawa wuri zuwa aiki na lokaci-lokaci.Canja alamar jagora don canja wurin su zuwa yanayin tsaka-tsaki (blinking) ana aiwatar da shi ta wani maɓalli na musamman da ke kan dashboard.Sauyawa wani muhimmin bangare ne na tsarin, rashin aikin sa yana haifar da rashin aiki na "hasken gaggawa" ko rashin nasararsa - wannan yana rage lafiyar abin hawa kuma ya sa ba zai yiwu a wuce binciken ba.Saboda haka, ya kamata a maye gurbin da ba daidai ba da sabon abu da wuri-wuri, kuma don yin gyara daidai, ya zama dole a fahimci nau'ikan waɗannan na'urori, ƙirarsu, aiki da fasalin su.
Ƙirar ƙararrawa
Nau'i, na'ura da ka'idar aiki na maɓallin ƙararrawa
Maɓallai na yau suna da ƙira iri ɗaya, sun bambanta kawai a cikin bayyanar da wasu cikakkun bayanai.Na'urar tana dogara ne akan rukunin tuntuɓar masu iya motsi da kafaffen lambobi, wasu daga cikinsu galibi a rufe suke (a wurin kashewa, suna rufe kewaye), wasu kuma galibi a buɗe suke (a wurin kashewa, suna buɗe kewaye).Adadin lambobin sadarwa na iya kaiwa 6-8 ko fiye, tare da taimakonsu an canza babban adadin da'irori a lokaci ɗaya - duk alamun jagora tare da madaidaicin madaidaicin, kazalika da fitilar sigina / LED da aka gina a cikin maɓalli.
Ana sanya ƙungiyar tuntuɓar a cikin akwati (ƙananan sau da yawa a cikin ƙarfe), a gaban gaban wanda akwai maɓallin maɓalli / sarrafawa, kuma a baya akwai tashoshi don haɗawa da tsarin lantarki na abin hawa.Mafi yawan amfani da su sune daidaitattun tashoshi na wuka waɗanda suka dace da daidaitattun tubalan tasha ko tashoshi guda ɗaya.A cikin motoci na gida, ana amfani da maɓalli tare da daidaitaccen tsari na tashoshi a cikin da'irar, kuma ana samar da tubalan da suka dace don irin waɗannan na'urori.
Abubuwan hawa suna samuwa a jikin maɓalli, ta hanyar da aka gyara na'urar a wurin da aka yi niyya don shi - a cikin dashboard ko a cikin ginshiƙi.A cikin motoci na farkon shekarun samarwa, da kuma a yawancin manyan motocin gida na zamani, ana aiwatar da shigar da na'urori tare da sukurori ko goro (ana ɗora kwaya ɗaya akan zaren da aka tanada a jiki).A cikin sababbin motocin, sau da yawa ana shigar da maɓalli ba tare da amfani da kowane nau'i na zare ba - don wannan, ana yin latches na filastik, maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da tasha a jikin na'urar.
Dangane da hanyar sarrafawa, akwai nau'ikan maɓallan ƙararrawa guda biyu:
● Tare da maɓallin kullewa;
● Tare da maɓallin maɓalli.
Na'urori na nau'in farko suna sanye take da maɓalli tare da tsarin kullewa, ana kunna ƙararrawa da kashewa ta latsa maɓallin - an canza shi zuwa matsayi ɗaya ko wani, riƙe a ciki da kuma samar da sauyawa na da'irori masu nuna jagora.Godiya ga tsarin kullewa, babu buƙatar riƙe maɓallin da yatsa.Yawancin lokaci, maɓallin yana zagaye da girma, ko da yake a cikin motoci na zamani za ku iya samun maɓalli na siffofi daban-daban (square, oval, triangles, siffofi masu rikitarwa) waɗanda suka dace da tsarin gaba ɗaya na ciki da dashboard.
Maɓallin turawa
Maɓallin maɓalli
Na'urori na nau'i na biyu suna sanye take da maɓallin maɓalli tare da tsayayyen matsayi guda biyu, kunnawa da kashewa na "hasken gaggawa" ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar latsa gefen maɓalli.Kamar maɓalli, maɓallai na iya samun ƙira sama ko ƙasa da haka, ko kuma a yi su don amfani a keɓantaccen kewayon motoci.
Duk maɓallan gaggawa ana nuna su daidai ta hanyar hoto a cikin nau'i na triangle, wanda zai iya samun ɗayan nau'i uku:
● A cikin motocin zamani, akwai triangle da aka zayyana ta hanyar ratsin fari biyu, wanda ke kan bangon ja;
● A cikin tsofaffin ababen hawa - triangle da aka zayyana da faffadan farin ratsin, wanda ke kan bangon ja;
Kadan sau da yawa a cikin abubuwan hawa na zamani - alwatika wanda aka zayyana ta hanyar ratsin ja guda biyu, wanda ke kan bangon baƙar fata (ya dace da ƙirar duhu gaba ɗaya na dashboard).
Ƙarƙashin maɓallin maɓalli / maɓallin (ko kai tsaye a ciki) akwai fitilar mai nuna alama / LED, wanda ke aiki a cikin yanayin tsaka-tsaki tare da alamun jagora - wannan shine yadda ake kula da ƙararrawa.Fitilar / LED yana samuwa ko dai kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin maɓallin m ko a ƙarƙashin taga mai haske a cikin maɓallin / maɓalli.
Ana samun masu sauyawa don wutar lantarki na 12 da 24 volts kuma yawanci suna da aiki na yanzu wanda bai wuce 5 amperes ba.Haɗin su da manyan abubuwan abin hawa ana yin su ne ta yadda lokacin da aka kunna ƙararrawa, ana haɗa dukkan alamomin jagora da fitilar faɗakarwa zuwa siginar kunnawa da ƙararrawar ƙararrawa a lokaci ɗaya, kuma lokacin da aka kashe ƙararrawa, waɗannan kewayawa. suna buɗewa (kuma an rufe su kawai ta hanyar madaidaitan siginar juyawa).A lokaci guda, maɓalli yana ba da jujjuyawar kewayawa ta yadda ƙararrawa ke aiki ko da ɗaya ko fiye da alamun jagora sun kasa.
Maɓallin shine jajayen alwatika akan bangon baki
Batutuwa na zaɓi da maye gurbin ƙararrawa
Idan daƙararrawaba shi da tsari, to dole ne a maye gurbinsa da wuri-wuri - wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin sharuɗɗan amincin aikin abin hawa.Lokacin zabar sabon canji, ya zama dole a la'akari da nau'in, fasalin ƙirar, halaye na tsohuwar.Idan muna magana ne game da sabuwar mota a ƙarƙashin garanti, to, ya kamata ku sayi canji kawai daga lambar kasida da masana'anta suka ƙayyade, in ba haka ba akwai haɗarin rasa garanti.Don motoci a cikin lokacin garanti, ana iya amfani da wasu masu sauyawa, babban abu shine cewa sun dace da yanayin halayen lantarki (ƙarar wutar lantarki da na yanzu) da kuma girman shigarwa.Lokacin zabar sauyawa don nau'in wutar lantarki daban-daban, haɗarin aiki da ba daidai ba ko faruwar gaggawa (ciki har da wuta) yana da yawa sosai.
Dole ne a aiwatar da maye gurbin na'urar kashe gobarar wuta daidai da umarnin gyara na wannan abin hawa.Gabaɗaya, an rage wannan aikin zuwa tarwatsawa da cire haɗin tsohuwar maɓalli, da shigar da sabon a wurinsa.A cikin motoci na zamani, don tarwatsawa, dole ne a kashe maɓallin wuta tare da screwdriver ko kayan aiki na musamman (spatula), a cikin tsofaffin motocin yana iya zama dole a kwance kullun biyu ko uku ko goro ɗaya.A zahiri, duk aikin dole ne a yi shi kawai bayan cire tashar daga baturi.
Idan an zaɓi maɓalli da kyau kuma an shigar da shi, to "hasken gaggawa" ya fara aiki nan da nan, yana tabbatar da bin ka'idodin Dokokin Hanya da ka'idodin duniya.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-13-2023